translate to English I
This commit is contained in:
Fabian Sinz
parent
dc07b52bdc
commit
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@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
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\usepackage{pgf}
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%\usepackage{pgf,pgfarrows,pgfnodes,pgfautomata,pgfheaps,pgfshade}
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%\usepackage{multimedia}
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\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
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\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
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\usepackage{amsmath}
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\usepackage{bm}
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@ -86,13 +85,13 @@ Bernstein Center T\"ubingen}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Plan}
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\frametitle{plan}
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\setcounter{tocdepth}{1}
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\tableofcontents
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Information \"uber Statistik}
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\frametitle{information}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Samuels, M. L., Wittmer, J. A., \& Schaffner,
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A. A. (2010). Statistics for the Life Sciences (4th ed.,
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@ -114,41 +113,41 @@ Bernstein Center T\"ubingen}
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% PCA
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\section[Präludium]{Präludium}
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\section[Präludium]{Prelude}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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% ----------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Meine Erwartungen an Masterstudenten}
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\frametitle{my expectations to this course}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Interesse und Partizipation
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\item Motivation Konzepte zu verstehen und zu hinterfragen
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\item einen hohen wissenschaftlichen Qualitätsstandard
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\item intellektuelle Redlichkeit
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\item ehrliche Kooperation
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\item interest and participation
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\item motivation to understand and question concepts
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\item high scientific standard
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\item intellectual honesty
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\item sincere cooperation
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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% ----------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{diese Woche wird ...}
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\frametitle{this week will be ...}
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\only<1>{
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\framesubtitle{... kein \sout{Spaß} Zuckerschlecken}
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\framesubtitle{... no \sout{fun} piece of cake}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight]{figs/feeding.jpg}
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\end{center}
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}
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\only<2>{
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\framesubtitle{... kein \sout{Spaß} Zuckerschlecken}
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\framesubtitle{... no \sout{fun} piece of cake}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight]{figs/nacho-trainer.jpg}
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\end{center}
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}
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\only<3>{
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\framesubtitle{... keine Vorlesung (Bitte!)}
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\framesubtitle{... no lecture (please!)}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[height=0.7\textheight]{figs/soccer.jpg}
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\end{center}
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@ -158,138 +157,131 @@ Bernstein Center T\"ubingen}
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% ----------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Was Ihr diese Woche lernen solltet}
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\frametitle{What you should learn this week}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Eigenschaften guter Plots
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\item Was ist deskriptive/ inferentielle Statistik?
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\item die generelle Struktur statistischer Tests
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\item Was ist/bedeutet ein p-Wert?
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\item Wie bastele ich mir meinen eigenen Test?
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\item Wie groß muß mein $n$ sein?
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\item Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
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\item What makes good plots?
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\item What is descriptive/inferential statistics?
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\item What is the general structure of a statistical test?
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\item What does a p-value mean?
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\item How can I build my own tests?
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\item How large should my $n$ be?
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\item What is {\em maximum likelihood} and why is it important?
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\section[deskriptive Statistik, Fehlerbalken \& Plots]{Day 1 -- Deskriptive
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Statistik, Fehlerbalken und Plots}
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\section[descriptive statistics, errorbars, and plots]{Day 1 -- descriptive statistics, errorbars, and plots}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\subsection{Arten von Daten}
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\subsection{types of data}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Datenskalen}
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\framesubtitle{Welche Datentypen gibt es in der Statistik?}
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\frametitle{data scales}
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\framesubtitle{What data types are distinguished in statistics?}
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\Large
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{\bf Warum sind Datentypen wichtig?}
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{\bf Why are data types important?}
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\pause
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Auswahl passender Statistiken
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\item Auswahl angemessener Plots
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\item Auswahl von korrekten Tests
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\item selection of statistics
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\item selection of plots
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\item selection of correct tests
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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%-------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Datenskalen}
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\framesubtitle{Nominalskala (engl. ,,categorial'')}
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\frametitle{data scales}
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\framesubtitle{nominal/categorial scale}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Eigenschaften wie Zelltyp, Versuchsgruppe
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\item jede Beobachtung wird eine bestimmten Klasse (Kategorie)
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zugeordnet
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\item Die Klassen besitzen keine sinnvolle Ordnung
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\item Beispiel: [Zapfen, Stäbchen] vs. [Stäbchen, Zapfen]
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\item properties like cell type, experimental group (i.e. treatment
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1, treatment 2, control)
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\item each observation/sample is put into one category
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\item there is no reasonable order among the categories
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\item example: [rods, cones] vs. [cones, rods]
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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%-------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Datenskalen}
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\framesubtitle{Ordinalskala (engl. ,,ordinal'')}
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\frametitle{data scales}
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\framesubtitle{ordinal scale}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Wie Nominalskala, nur ist sinnvolles Ordnen m\"oglich
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\item {\bf aber:} Unterschiede zwischen den Werten bzw. Klassen
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nicht vergleichbar (keine Abst\"ande)
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\item Beispiel: Platzierungen, G\"uteklassen, Ratingskalen
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\item like nominal scale, but there is an order
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\item {\bf but:} there is no reasonable measure of {\em distance}
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between the classes
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\item examples: ranks, ratings
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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%-------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Datenskalen}
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\framesubtitle{Intervallskala (engl. ,,interval'')}
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\frametitle{data scales}
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\framesubtitle{interval scale}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item quantitative/metrische Werte
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\item Abst\"ande zwischen Werten sind sinnvoll, aber es gibt keine
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absoluten Nullpunkt
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\item Beispiel: physikalische Gr\"o{\ss}en wie Temperatur in Grad Celsius
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\item quantitative/metric values
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\item reasonable measure of distance between values but no absolute zero
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\item examples: temperature in $^\circ$C
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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%-------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Datenskalen}
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\framesubtitle{Absolut- oder Verh\"altnisskala (engl. ,,ratio)}
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\frametitle{data scales}
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\framesubtitle{absolut/ratio scale}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item wie Intervallskala, aber mit absolutem Nullpunkt
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\item Beispiel: Temperatur in Kelvin, Einkommen
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\item like interval scale but with absolute zero
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\item example: temperature in $^\circ$K
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\end{itemize}
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\pause
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\begin{emphasize}{Verh\"altnis der Skalen}
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\begin{emphasize}{relationsships between scales}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Skalen besitzen aufsteigenden Informationsgehalt von
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Nominal- zu Absolutskala
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\item Konvertierung ,,abw\"arts'' immer m\"oglich
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\item scales exhibit increasing information content from nominal
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to absolute
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\item conversion ,,downwards'' always possible
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\end{itemize}
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\end{emphasize}
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\end{frame}
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%-------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Beispiele aus Neuro-/Kognitionswissenschaften}
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\frametitle{examples from neuroscience and psychology}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item {\bf Nominalskala:}\pause
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\item {\bf nominal:}\pause
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Versuchsgruppenzugeh\"origkeit
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\item Stimulusklasse
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\item Zelltyp
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\item treatment group
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\item stimulus class
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\item cell type
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\end{itemize}
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\item {\bf Ordinalskala:} \pause
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\item {\bf ordinal:} \pause
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Ratings
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\item Krankheitsstadien
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\item Zust\"ande eines Ionenkanals
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\item ratings
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\item clinical stages of a disease
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\item states of an ion channel
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\end{itemize}
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\item {\bf Absolut-/Ratioskala:}\pause
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Feuerrate
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\item Membranpotential
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\item Ionenkonzentration
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\item firing rate
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\item membrane potential
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\item ion concentration
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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%-------------------------------------------------------------
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\subsection{Statistiken}
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\subsection{statistics}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%-------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Was ist eine (Test)-Statistik}
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\begin{definition}{Teststatistik, Pr\"ufwert}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Als {\em Teststatistik} bezeichnet man in der mathematischen
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Statistik eine Stichprobenfunktion die einer Stichprobe einen
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Wert zuordnet (z.B. Mittelwert, Median, Standardabweichung,
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...).
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\item Als {\em Pr\"ufwert} wird die Realisation einer Teststatistik
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anhand einer Stichprobe bezeichnet.
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\source{http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teststatistik}
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\end{itemize}
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\frametitle{What is "a statistic"?}
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\begin{definition}{statistic}
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A statistic (singular) is a single measure of some attribute of a
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sample (e.g., its arithmetic mean value). It is calculated by
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applying a function (statistical algorithm) to the values of the
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items of the sample, which are known together as a set of data.
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\source{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistic}
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\end{definition}
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\end{frame}
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@ -297,50 +289,51 @@ Bernstein Center T\"ubingen}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Beispiele f\"ur Teststatistiken}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item {\bf Nominalskala:}\pause
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\item {\bf nominal:}\pause
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Anzahl
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\item relative H\"aufigkeit
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\item count
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\item relative frequency/proportion
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\end{itemize}
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\item {\bf Ordinalskala:} \pause
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\item {\bf ordinal:} \pause
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Median
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\item Perzentilen
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\item Rangkorrelationskoeffizient
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\item median
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\item quantile/percentile
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\item rank correlation
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\end{itemize}
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\item {\bf Absolut-/Ratioskala:}\pause
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\item {\bf absolute/ratio:}\pause
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Mittelwert
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\item Varianz/ Standardabweichung
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\item Pearson Korrelationskoeffizient
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\item mean
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\item variance/ standard deviation
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\item Pearson correlation
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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%-------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{\"Ubung}
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\begin{task}{Spearman Rangkorrelationskoeffizient}
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\frametitle{exercise}
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\begin{task}{Spearman rank correlation}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Benutze {\tt randi} um zwei 100-dimensionale Vektoren {\tt x,y} mit
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Zufalls-Integern zwischen $0$ und $10$ zu berechnen.
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\item Finde heraus wie man in Matlab den Spearman
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Rangkorrelationskoeffizient $$\rho = 1- {\frac {6 \sum
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d_i^2}{n(n^2 - 1)}}$$ berechnet. $d_i = x_i - y_i$ ist die
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Differenz im Rang der Datenpunkte.
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\item Berechne $\rho$ zwischen $x$ und $y$, zwischen $x$ und
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$y^2$, zwischen $\log(x+1)$ und $y^2$. Berechne auch den
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\"ublichen (Pearson) Korrelationskoeffizient zwischen diesen
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Werten. Was kann man beobachten und warum macht das Sinn?
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\item Use {\tt randi} to generate two 100-dimensional vectors
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{\tt x,y} of random integers between $0$ and $10$.
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\item Find out how to compute the Spearman
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rank correlation $$\rho = 1- {\frac {6 \sum
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d_i^2}{n(n^2 - 1)}}$$ with Matlab. $d_i = x_i - y_i$ is the
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difference in the rank between the single data points.
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\item Compute $\rho$ between $x$ and $y$, between $x$ and
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$y^2$, between $\log(x+1)$ and $y^2$.
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\item Compute the "standard" (Pearson) correlation coefficient
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between these values.
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\item What can you observe and why does it make sense?
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{task}
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\end{frame}
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%-------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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\frametitle{\"Ubung - L\"osung}
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\begin{solution}{Spearman Rangkorrelationskoeffizient}
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\frametitle{solution}
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\begin{solution}{Spearman rank correlation }
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\scriptsize
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\begin{lstlisting}
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>>> x = randi(10, 100, 1);
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@ -358,16 +351,16 @@ ans =
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ans =
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0.0551
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\end{lstlisting}
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Der Rangkorrelationskoeffizient \"andert sich nicht bei monotoner
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Transformation der Daten. Daher ist er f\"ur ordinale Daten
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geeignet. Der Pearson Korrelationskoeffizient ist es nicht.
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The rank correlation does not change under a monotone transformation
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of the data. Therefore, it can be used for ordinal data. The Pearson
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correlation coefficient does not have that property.
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\end{solution}
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\end{frame}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\section{Beschreibung und Darstellung von Daten}
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\section{description of data and plotting}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\subsection{Nominalskala}
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\subsection{nominal scale}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%-------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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@ -403,7 +396,7 @@ set(gcf, 'PaperPosition',[0.0 0.0 11.7 9.0]);
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\end{lstlisting}
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\end{frame}
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%-------------------------------------------------------------
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%----------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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\frametitle{Darstellung nominaler Daten}
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\framesubtitle{Pie-Chart f\"ur Anzahl/ rel. H\"aufigkeit}
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@ -443,6 +436,11 @@ set(gcf, 'PaperPosition',[0.0 0.0 11.7 9.0]);
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\end{lstlisting}
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\end{frame}
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%-------------------------------------------------------------
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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\frametitle{Darstellung von Interval-/Absolutskala Daten}
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\end{frame}
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\end{document}
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user