[statistics] imporved code style

header.tex

@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@
 %
 \newboolean{showexercisesolutions}
 \setboolean{showexercisesolutions}{true}
-\newcommand{\exercisesolutions}{end}  % 0: here, 1: chapter, 2: end
+\newcommand{\exercisesolutions}{here}  % 0: here, 1: chapter, 2: end
 % we need this also as numbers:
 \ifthenelse{\equal{\exercisesolutions}{end}}{\newcommand{\exercisesolutionsnum}{2}}{%
   \ifthenelse{\equal{\exercisesolutions}{chapter}}{\newcommand{\exercisesolutionsnum}{1}}{%

plotstyle.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ filllw = 1.0
 fillec = colors['white']
 fillalpha = 0.4
 filledge = {'linewidth': filllw, 'joinstyle': 'round'}
-if int(mpl.__version__.split('.')[0]) < 2:
+if mpl_major < 2:
     del filledge['joinstyle']
 
 # helper lines:

statistics/code/checkmymedian.m

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 % check whether the median returned by mymedian 
 % really separates a vector into two halfs
-for i = 1:140                         % loop over different length
+for i = 1:140                           % loop over different length
-  for k = 1:10                        % try several times
+  for k = 1:10                          % try several times
-    a = randn( i, 1 );                % generate some data
+    a = randn(i, 1);                    % generate some data
-    m = mymedian( a );                % compute median
+    m = mymedian(a);                    % compute median
-    if length( a(a>m) ) ~= length( a(a<m) ) % check
+    if length(a(a>m)) ~= length(a(a<m)) % check
-      disp( 'error!' )
+      disp('error!')
     end
   end
 end

statistics/code/correlations.m

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 n = 200;
-corrs = [ 1.0, 0.6, 0.0, -0.9 ];
+corrs = [1.0, 0.6, 0.0, -0.9];
 for k = [1:length(corrs)]
     r = corrs(k);
     x = randn(n, 1);
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ for k = [1:length(corrs)]
     % compute correlation coefficient of data:
     rho = corr(x, y);
     subplot(2, 2, k)
-    scatter( x, y )
+    scatter(x, y)
-    text( -2, 2.5, sprintf('r=%.1f', rho) )
+    text(-2, 2.5, sprintf('r=%.1f', rho))
     xlabel('x')
     ylabel('y')
     xlim([-3.0, 3.0])

statistics/code/cumulative.m

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ plot(xs, cdf);
 hold on;
 
 dx = 0.01;
-xx = [-4:dx:4];                     % x-values for Gaussian pdf
+xx = [-4:dx:4];                        % x-values for Gaussian pdf
 gauss = exp(-0.5*xx.^2)/sqrt(2.0*pi);  % Gaussian pdf
 gausscdf = cumsum(gauss)*dx;
 plot(xx, gausscdf);

statistics/code/diehistograms.m

@@ -20,5 +20,5 @@ for i = [1:length(nrolls)]
   bar(b, h, 'facecolor', 'b')
   hold off
   title(sprintf('N=%d', length(d)))
-  pause( 2.0 )
+  pause(2.0)
 end

statistics/code/gaussianpdf.m

@@ -12,15 +12,15 @@ hold off
 
 % compute integral between x1 and x2:
 P = sum(p((x>=x1)&(x<x2)))*dx;
-fprintf( 'Integral between %.2g and %.2g: %.3g\n', x1, x2, P );
+fprintf('Integral between %.2g and %.2g: %.3g\n', x1, x2, P);
 
 % draw random numbers:
-r = randn( 10000, 1 );
+r = randn(10000, 1);
 
 % check P:
 Pr = sum((r>=x1)&(r<x2))/length(r);
-fprintf( 'Probability of a number between %.2g and %.2g: %.3g\n', x1, x2, Pr );
+fprintf('Probability of a number between %.2g and %.2g: %.3g\n', x1, x2, Pr);
 
 % infinite integral:
 P = sum(p)*dx;
-fprintf( 'Integral between -infinity and +infinity: %.3g\n', P );
+fprintf('Integral between -infinity and +infinity: %.3g\n', P);

statistics/code/histogramquartiles.m

@@ -1,24 +1,24 @@
 % generate data:
-x = randn( 1, 100000 );
+x = randn(1, 100000);
 
 % histogram:
-[h,b] = hist( x, 100 );
+[h,b] = hist(x, 100);
 % normalize:
 bs = b(2)-b(1);
 h = h/sum(h)/bs;
 
 % plot:
-bar( b, h );
+bar(b, h);
-xlabel( 'x' );
+xlabel('x');
 
 % median, quartile:
-q = quartiles( x );
+q = quartiles(x);
-%q = quantile( x, [0.25, 0.5, 0.75 ] );
+%q = quantile(x, [0.25, 0.5, 0.75 ]);
 
 % plot:
 hold on;
-bar( b(b<q(1)), h(b<q(1)), 'FaceColor', [0.5 0 0.5] );
+bar(b(b<q(1)), h(b<q(1)), 'FaceColor', [0.5 0 0.5]);
-bar( b((b>=q(1)) & (b<q(2))), h((b>=q(1)) & (b<q(2))), 'FaceColor', [0.9 0 0] );
+bar(b((b>=q(1)) & (b<q(2))), h((b>=q(1)) & (b<q(2))), 'FaceColor', [0.9 0 0]);
-bar( b((b>=q(2)) & (b<q(3))), h((b>=q(2)) & (b<q(3))), 'FaceColor', [0 0 0.9] );
+bar(b((b>=q(2)) & (b<q(3))), h((b>=q(2)) & (b<q(3))), 'FaceColor', [0 0 0.9]);
-bar( b(b>=q(3)), h(b>=q(3)), 'FaceColor', [0.5 0 0.5] );
+bar(b(b>=q(3)), h(b>=q(3)), 'FaceColor', [0.5 0 0.5]);
 hold off;

statistics/code/quartiles.m

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-function q = quartiles( x )
+function q = quartiles(x)
   % returns a vector with the first, second, and third quartile
   % of the vector x
-  xs = sort( x );
+  xs = sort(x);
-  if ( length( xs ) == 0 )                            % no data
+  if (length(xs) == 0)                          % no data
     q = [];
-  elseif ( rem( length( xs ), 2 ) == 0 )              % even number of data
+  elseif (rem(length(xs), 2) == 0)              % even number of data
-    index = length( xs )/2;
+    index = length(xs)/2;
-    m = (xs( index ) + xs( index+1 ))/2;
+    m = (xs(index) + xs(index+1))/2;
-    q = [ round( xs(length(xs)/4) ), m, xs(round(3*length(xs)/4)) ];
+    q = [round(xs(length(xs)/4)), m, xs(round(3*length(xs)/4))];
-  else                                                % odd number of data
+  else                                          % odd number of data
-    index = (length( xs ) + 1)/2;
+    index = (length(xs) + 1)/2;
-    m = xs( index );
+    m = xs(index);
-    q = [ round( xs(length(xs)/4) ), m, xs(round(3*length(xs)/4)) ];
+    q = [round(xs(length(xs)/4)), m, xs(round(3*length(xs)/4))];
   end
 end

statistics/code/rollthedie.m

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-function x = rollthedie( n )
+function x = rollthedie(n)
 % return a vector with the result of rolling a die n times
-  x = randi( [1, 6], n, 1 );
+  x = randi([1, 6], n, 1);
 end

statistics/code/sprintfexamples.m

@@ -1,48 +1,48 @@
 % sprintf returns a string.
 % This string can be used to annotate plots using the text() function.
-s = sprintf( 'x=%f', pi )
+s = sprintf('x=%f', pi)
 
 % fprintf writes directly to console (or into files).
 % for fprintf you usually want to add the line break '\n':
 
 % '%f' formats floating point numbers:
-fprintf( 'x=%f\n', pi )
+fprintf('x=%f\n', pi)
 % The '%f' formatting string can be anywhere in the string:
-fprintf( 'x=%fms\n', pi )
+fprintf('x=%fms\n', pi)
 % There can be arbitrary many '%' formatting strings:
-fprintf( 'x=%fms, y=%fkHz\n', pi, 2*pi )
+fprintf('x=%fms, y=%fkHz\n', pi, 2*pi)
 % The '%' itself is generated by '%%':
-fprintf( 'x=%f%%\n', pi )
+fprintf('x=%f%%\n', pi)
 % A point followed by a number sets the number of digits after the point:
-fprintf( 'x=%.2fms\n', pi )
+fprintf('x=%.2fms\n', pi)
 % The numbers are appropriately rounded:
-fprintf( 'x=%.3fms\n', pi )
+fprintf('x=%.3fms\n', pi)
 % A number right before the point sets the width of the generated output:
-fprintf( 'x=%10.3fms\n', pi )
+fprintf('x=%10.3fms\n', pi)
 % '%e' also formats floating point numbers but forces to write in
 % exponential style:
-fprintf( 'x=%e\n', pi )
+fprintf('x=%e\n', pi)
 % again, a point and number set the number of digits after the point.
-fprintf( 'x=%.1e\n', pi )
+fprintf('x=%.1e\n', pi)
 % '%g% formats the floating point number to a given number of valid digits
 % (default is 5):
-fprintf( 'x=%g\n', pi )
+fprintf('x=%g\n', pi)
 % The number of valid digits is not the number of digits after the point:
-fprintf( 'x=%.2g\n', pi )
+fprintf('x=%.2g\n', pi)
-fprintf( 'x=%.2g\n', 10.123 )
+fprintf('x=%.2g\n', 10.123)
-fprintf( 'x=%.2g\n', 18765.123 )
+fprintf('x=%.2g\n', 18765.123)
-fprintf( 'x=%.5g\n', 18765.123 )
+fprintf('x=%.5g\n', 18765.123)
 
 % '%d' formats integers:
-fprintf( 'x=%d\n', 5 )
+fprintf('x=%d\n', 5)
 % the number defines the width of the output:
-fprintf( 'x=%3d\n', 5 )
+fprintf('x=%3d\n', 5)
 % precedig the width with a '0' fills up the space with leading zeros:
-fprintf( 'x=%03d\n', 5 )
+fprintf('x=%03d\n', 5)
 
 % '%s' formats a string:
-fprintf( 'x=%s\n', 'hallo' )
+fprintf('x=%s\n', 'hallo')
 % ... aligned to the right:
-fprintf( 'x=%10s\n', 'hallo' )
+fprintf('x=%10s\n', 'hallo')
 % ... unless the width is negative:
-fprintf( 'x=%-10s!\n', 'hallo' )
+fprintf('x=%-10s!\n', 'hallo')