From 104717cfe74abd7e5f61159e2d00e8de8149e528 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jan Benda <jan.benda@uni-tuebingen.de>
Date: Tue, 12 Jun 2018 10:17:53 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] added Fabians python tutorial scripts

---
 resources/python/loaddat.py                   | 46 +++++++++++
 resources/python/synchronization.py           | 46 +++++++++++
 resources/python/test.dat                     | 22 ++++++
 resources/python/tutorial/01FirstProgram.py   |  4 +
 resources/python/tutorial/02DataStructure.py  | 79 +++++++++++++++++++
 resources/python/tutorial/03numpy.py          | 72 +++++++++++++++++
 resources/python/tutorial/04plotting.py       | 20 +++++
 resources/python/tutorial/05plotting2.py      | 28 +++++++
 resources/python/tutorial/06functions.py      | 34 ++++++++
 .../python/tutorial/07controlStructure.py     | 55 +++++++++++++
 10 files changed, 406 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 resources/python/loaddat.py
 create mode 100644 resources/python/synchronization.py
 create mode 100644 resources/python/test.dat
 create mode 100644 resources/python/tutorial/01FirstProgram.py
 create mode 100644 resources/python/tutorial/02DataStructure.py
 create mode 100644 resources/python/tutorial/03numpy.py
 create mode 100644 resources/python/tutorial/04plotting.py
 create mode 100644 resources/python/tutorial/05plotting2.py
 create mode 100644 resources/python/tutorial/06functions.py
 create mode 100644 resources/python/tutorial/07controlStructure.py

diff --git a/resources/python/loaddat.py b/resources/python/loaddat.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3850ca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/python/loaddat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import numpy as np
+
+def is_float( s ):
+    try:
+        float(s)
+        return True
+    except ValueError:
+        return False
+   
+def loaddat( filename ):
+    """ Load ascii data files into a numpy array
+    """
+    mdata = {}
+    tdata = []
+    for l in open( filename ) :
+        if l.startswith( "#" ) : 
+            if ":" in l :
+                tmp = [e.strip() for e in l[1:].partition(':')]
+                mdata[tmp[0]] = tmp[2]
+        elif l and not l.isspace() :
+            vals = [ float( i ) for i in l.split() if is_float( i ) ]
+            if len( vals ) > 0 :
+                tdata.append( vals[0] )
+        elif len( tdata ) > 0 :
+            break
+    return tdata, mdata
+
+d,m = loaddat('../Pholidoptera_litoralis/Time_stamps/Chang/sychronization_2013-07-31-102053h_5-msec.dat')
+
+# the dictionary of meta data:
+print m
+print
+# use the value of a specific metadata item:
+print 'The animal number was: ', m['Animal']
+print
+
+# the data array:
+print d
+print
+
+# the fifth value of the data array:
+print 'The sixth data value: ', d[0]
+print
+
+
+
diff --git a/resources/python/synchronization.py b/resources/python/synchronization.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3850ca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/python/synchronization.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import numpy as np
+
+def is_float( s ):
+    try:
+        float(s)
+        return True
+    except ValueError:
+        return False
+   
+def loaddat( filename ):
+    """ Load ascii data files into a numpy array
+    """
+    mdata = {}
+    tdata = []
+    for l in open( filename ) :
+        if l.startswith( "#" ) : 
+            if ":" in l :
+                tmp = [e.strip() for e in l[1:].partition(':')]
+                mdata[tmp[0]] = tmp[2]
+        elif l and not l.isspace() :
+            vals = [ float( i ) for i in l.split() if is_float( i ) ]
+            if len( vals ) > 0 :
+                tdata.append( vals[0] )
+        elif len( tdata ) > 0 :
+            break
+    return tdata, mdata
+
+d,m = loaddat('../Pholidoptera_litoralis/Time_stamps/Chang/sychronization_2013-07-31-102053h_5-msec.dat')
+
+# the dictionary of meta data:
+print m
+print
+# use the value of a specific metadata item:
+print 'The animal number was: ', m['Animal']
+print
+
+# the data array:
+print d
+print
+
+# the fifth value of the data array:
+print 'The sixth data value: ', d[0]
+print
+
+
+
diff --git a/resources/python/test.dat b/resources/python/test.dat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3485c06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/python/test.dat
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Description : Times of song onsets and offsets since midnight
+# Species     : synchronization
+# Animal      : 5
+# Experimenter: Chang
+# Temperature : 
+# Comment     : 
+# Date        : 2013-08-02
+# Time        : 22:12:24
+
+#Key
+# onset       index
+# ms          1   
+    79991439     1
+    79993821     2
+    79996020     3
+    79998296     4
+    80000457     5
+    80002639     6
+    80004818     7
+    80006942     8
+    80008997     9
+    80011121    10
diff --git a/resources/python/tutorial/01FirstProgram.py b/resources/python/tutorial/01FirstProgram.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b8fbca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/python/tutorial/01FirstProgram.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+print "Hello World"
+
+# for the advanced
+print "%i times hello, %s and %s" % (2, "Jan", "Fabian")
diff --git a/resources/python/tutorial/02DataStructure.py b/resources/python/tutorial/02DataStructure.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b40d3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/python/tutorial/02DataStructure.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+
+################## Lists ############################
+# lists are simple data structures that can hold different data types
+
+a = [1,2,'hallo']
+print a
+
+# lists are accessed by indices, starting with 0
+print a[0]
+
+a[0] = 5
+
+print a
+
+# lists can be indexed with slices, first index is included, the last is not
+print a[0:2]
+
+# if the index is ommitted, then the maximal or minimal index is taken
+print a[1:]
+print a[:1]
+
+# negative indices count downwards from the maximal index
+print a[:-1]
+
+# one can also specify steps in slices (start:stop:step)
+print a[0:3:2]
+print a[1::2]
+
+# if new variables are assigned to an existing list, the list is NOT copied
+b = a
+b[2] = 0
+print a
+
+# if you want to copy lists, use
+b = list(a)
+b[2] = 'new stuff'
+print a
+print b
+# lists of lists
+b = [1,2,3, [4,3,5]]
+print b[3][1:]
+
+################### Tuples #####################################
+# tuples are constant lists. They behave basically like lists but don't allow elements to be set
+b = (1,2,'hello')
+print b
+print b[::2]
+# b[2] = "test"  # error!
+
+################### Dictionaries ###############################
+# Dictionaries are like lists that can be accessed with arbitraty
+# keys. They are initialized with curly brackets and key:value pairs
+c = {'key1':2, 3.4:'something else', 5:6}
+print c.keys()
+print c.values()
+print c.items()
+print c
+print c['key1']
+c[3.4] = 'again something else'
+print c
+
+# again, dictionaries are not copied
+d = c
+d[5] = 8
+print c
+
+
+############## Numerical types ##################################
+# mostly, python determines the numerical type of a number. However,
+# sometimes one needs to pay attention when dealing with integers
+
+a = 1
+b = 5
+print a/b
+
+# initialization as float or the function float(a) help
+a = 1.
+b = 5.
+print a/b
diff --git a/resources/python/tutorial/03numpy.py b/resources/python/tutorial/03numpy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3893935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/python/tutorial/03numpy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# first step: import numpy
+# there are different ways to do so
+
+# import numpy --> everything has to be access via e.g. numpy.cos(x)
+# import numpy as np --> name numpy np, which means that everything can be accessed via e.g. np.cos(x)
+# from numpy import cos, sin --> only import cosine and sine
+# from numpy import cos as cosine --> only import cos and name it cosine
+# from numpy import * --> import everything.
+
+# for the moment, we use option 5
+from numpy import *
+
+# numpy uses arrays which can be though of as lists with a single datatype
+# they can be initialized form a list
+a = array([1.,2.,3.])
+b = array([[1,2],[4,5.]])
+print a
+
+# in numpy many commands have the same name as in matlab. For example
+# for creating base points for plotting, you can use
+
+x = linspace(-2.,2.,9) # creates an array with 1000 points between -2 and 2
+
+# arithmetic operation are elementwise, double asterics is power
+y = 2*x + 2
+y = x+x
+y = x**2. - 1.
+
+
+# matplotlib implements many functions, such as matlab
+y = cos(x)
+y = exp(x)
+print y
+
+# just like matlab, numpy arrays support logical indexing
+xp = x[x > 0]
+yp = log(xp) # example
+
+xp = x[x > 0]
+inx=where(x>0)
+print inx
+print x[inx]
+
+# arrays can also be two dimensional
+x = zeros( (3,2) ) # zeros takes a tuple
+print x
+x[2,1] = 1.
+print x
+print x > 0
+print x[x > 0]
+
+# other useful functions to generate arrays
+x = random.randn(4,3) # unfortunately, the size specification is implemented inconsistently
+x = ones( (3,3) )
+
+
+# another very useful feature is this
+x = random.randn(3,1) # column vector
+y = random.randn(1,4) # row vector
+print x
+print y
+print x+y # result is a matrix
+print x/y
+
+# works also with 2d arrays and vectors
+x = random.randn(3,1) # column vector
+z = random.randn(1,4) # row vector
+y = random.randn(3,4) # 2d array
+
+print y-x # columnwise subtraction
+print y-z # rowwise subtraction
+
diff --git a/resources/python/tutorial/04plotting.py b/resources/python/tutorial/04plotting.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea3b050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/python/tutorial/04plotting.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from numpy import *
+from matplotlib.pyplot import *
+
+# google matplotlib gallery
+
+# create basepoints and function values
+x = linspace(-2., 2., 100)
+y = (x + 2.)**2 - 5.
+fig = figure() # create figure
+ax = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1) # subplot with 1 row, 1 column, and get axes of first plot
+ax.plot(x,y)
+
+ax.set_xlabel('x values')
+ax.set_ylabel('y values')
+ax.set_title('quadratic function')
+
+show() # show plot
+
+fig.savefig( "test.pdf" )  # saves plot into file
+
diff --git a/resources/python/tutorial/05plotting2.py b/resources/python/tutorial/05plotting2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dda3306
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/python/tutorial/05plotting2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from numpy import *
+from matplotlib.pyplot import *
+
+# create basepoints and function values
+x = linspace(-2., 2., 100)
+y = (x + 2.)**2 - 5.
+y2 = (x + 1.)**2 + 2.3
+
+fig = figure() 
+ax = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)
+
+# 1) additional parameters can either be specified in the correct
+# order or via named parameters
+#
+# 2) If an r preceeds a string, the result is rendered from latex
+#
+# 3) Specifying the names argument "label" sets the label for a legend
+# 
+ax.plot(x, y, color='r', linewidth=2, label=r'$(x+2)^2 - 5$')
+ax.plot(x, y2, color='b', linewidth=2, label=r'$(x+1)^2 + 2.3$')
+
+ax.set_xlabel('x values')
+ax.set_ylabel(r'$f(x)$')
+ax.set_title('quadratic function')
+leg = ax.legend()
+
+show() # show plot
+
diff --git a/resources/python/tutorial/06functions.py b/resources/python/tutorial/06functions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..262a161
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/python/tutorial/06functions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from numpy import *
+from matplotlib.pyplot import *
+
+
+# functions are defined via def (don't forget the :)
+# return is defined via the return keyword
+def myfunc(x):
+    tmp = 2*x**3. + 5
+    return tmp
+
+# when using more parameters one can give them default values
+def myfunc2(x, a=1., b=5.):
+    return (x - a)**2. + b
+
+
+############# main program below (old stuff) ##############
+
+x = linspace(-2., 2., 100)
+
+fig = figure() 
+ax = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)
+
+ax.plot(x, myfunc(x), color='r', linewidth=2, label='myfunc')
+ax.plot(x, myfunc2(x, 2., 4.), color='b', linewidth=2, label=r'myfunc2 a=2, b=4')
+ax.plot(x, myfunc2(x, 2.), color='g', linewidth=2, label=r'myfunc2 a=2, b=default')
+ax.plot(x, myfunc2(x, b=2.), color='y', linewidth=2, label=r'myfunc2 a=default, b=2')
+
+ax.set_xlabel('x values')
+ax.set_ylabel(r'$f(x)$')
+ax.set_title('functions')
+leg = ax.legend()
+
+show() # show plot
+
diff --git a/resources/python/tutorial/07controlStructure.py b/resources/python/tutorial/07controlStructure.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad4c2c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resources/python/tutorial/07controlStructure.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+from numpy import *
+
+# if statments are fairly straightforward
+if True:
+    print "True"
+
+if False:
+    print "False"
+
+a = 2
+if a == 2:
+    print "a equals 2"
+else:
+    print "a does not equal 2"
+
+# different conditions are combined via "and" and "or"
+b = 5
+
+if a == 2 and b > 4:
+    print "a equals 2 and b is greater than 4"
+elif b > 3:
+    print "at least b is greater 3"
+
+# for loops start with general structure "for element in list:"
+for elem in [1,2,3,4,8]:
+    print elem
+
+# in many
+for j in xrange(10):
+    print j
+
+print 80*'-'
+# this works e.g. with arrays
+x = random.randn(10)
+for rv in x:
+    print rv
+
+print 80*'-'
+# for loops also take iterators which can be thought of as lists
+for i,rx in enumerate(x):
+    print i
+    print x
+
+print 80*'-'
+y = random.randn(10)
+for xy in zip(x,y):
+    print xy
+
+print 80*'-'
+
+f = lambda z: z**2 + 3.
+print [f(elem) for elem in x if elem < 1]
+
+def quicksort(x):
+    return x if len(x)<=1 else quicksort([e for e in x if e < x[0]]) + [x[0]] + quicksort([e for e in x if e > x[0]])