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@Article{Akre2010,
  Title                    = {Complexity Increases Working Memory for Mating Signals.},
  Author                   = {Karin L. Akre and Michael J. Ryan},
  Journal                  = CurrBiol,
  Year                     = {2010},
  Pages                    = {502-505},
  Volume                   = {20}
}

@InCollection{Albert2005,
  Title                    = {Diversity and Phylogeny of Neotropical Electric Fishes (Gymnotiformes)},
  Author                   = {Albert, James S. and Crampton, William G. R.},
  Editor                   = {Bullock, Theodore H. and Hopkins, Carl D. and Popper, Arthur N. and Fay, Richard R.},
  Pages                    = {360--409},
  Publisher                = {Springer New York},
  Year                     = {2005},

  Address                  = {New York, NY},

  Booktitle                = {Electroreception},
  Doi                      = {10.1007/0-387-28275-0_13},
  ISBN                     = {978-0-387-28275-6},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11},
  Url                      = {https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28275-0_13}
}

@Article{Anderson2014,
  Title                    = {Toward a Science of Computational Ethology},
  Author                   = {Anderson, DJ and Perona, P},
  Journal                  = Neuron,
  Year                     = {2014},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {18--31},
  Volume                   = {84}
}

@Article{Arnold1994,
  Title                    = {Is there a Unifying Concept of Sexual Selection that Applies to Both Plants and Animals?},
  Author                   = {Stevan J. Arnold},
  Journal                  = {The American Naturalist},
  Year                     = {1994},
  Pages                    = {S1-S12},
  Volume                   = {144},

  Doi                      = {10.2307/2462726},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.30}
}

@Article{Ashida2011,
  Title                    = {Sound localization: Jeffress and beyond.},
  Author                   = {Go Ashida and Katherine E Carr},
  Journal                  = CurrOpinNeurobiol,
  Year                     = {2011},
  Pages                    = {745-751},
  Volume                   = {21}
}

@InProceedings{Attias1997,
  Title                    = {Temporal Low-Order Statistics of Natural Sounds},
  Author                   = {H. Attias and C. E. Schreiner},
  Booktitle                = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
  Year                     = {1997},
  Editor                   = {Michael C. Mozer and Michael {I}. Jordan and Thomas Petsche},
  Pages                    = {27},
  Publisher                = {The {MIT} Press},
  Volume                   = {9}
}

@Article{Attick1991,
  Title                    = {Could information theory provide an ecological theory of sensory processing?},
  Author                   = {Joseph J. Attick},
  Journal                  = Network,
  Year                     = {1991},
  Pages                    = {213-251},
  Volume                   = {3}
}

@Article{Baktoft2015,
  Title                    = {Performance Assessment of Two Whole-Lake Acoustic Positional Telemetry Systems - Is Reality Mining of Free-Ranging Aquatic Animals Technologically Possible?},
  Author                   = {Baktoft, Henrik and Zajicek, Petr and Klefoth, Thomas and Svendsen, Jon C. and Jacobsen, Lene and Pedersen, Martin W{\ae}ver and March Morla, David and Skov, Christian and Nakayama, Shinnosuke and Arlinghaus, Robert},
  Journal                  = PLOSOne,
  Year                     = {2015},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {1-20},
  Volume                   = {10},

  Doi                      = {10.1371/journal.pone.0126534},
  Publisher                = {Public Library of Science},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11},
  Url                      = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126534}
}

@Article{Baluch2011,
  Title                    = {Mechanisms of top-down attention.},
  Author                   = {Farhan Baluch and Laurent Itti},
  Journal                  = TINS,
  Year                     = {2011},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {210-224},
  Volume                   = {34}
}

@Article{Barber2000,
  Title                    = {The importance of stable schooling: do familiar sticklebacks stick together?},
  Author                   = {Barber, Iain and Ruxton, Graeme D},
  Journal                  = ProcRSocLondBBiolSci,
  Year                     = {2000},
  Number                   = {1439},
  Pages                    = {151-155},
  Volume                   = {267},

  Doi                      = {10.1098/rspb.2000.0980},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.27}
}

@Article{Barlow2001a,
  Title                    = {Redundancy reduction revisited.},
  Author                   = {Horace Barlow},
  Journal                  = Network,
  Year                     = {2001},
  Pages                    = {241--253},
  Volume                   = {12}
}

@InCollection{Barlow1961,
  Title                    = {Possible principles underlying the transformation of sensory messages.},
  Author                   = {H. B. Barlow},
  Booktitle                = {Sensory Communication},
  Publisher                = {MIT Press},
  Year                     = {1961},

  Address                  = {Cambridge},
  Editor                   = {W. Rosenblith},
  Pages                    = {217--234}
}

@Article{Bastian1998,
  Title                    = {Modulation of Calcium-Dependent Postsynaptic Depression Contributes to an Adaptive Sensory Filter.},
  Author                   = {Joseph Bastian},
  Journal                  = JNeurophysiol,
  Year                     = {1998},
  Pages                    = {3352-3355},
  Volume                   = {80}
}

@Article{Bastian1996a,
  Title                    = {Plasticity in an Electrosensory System. I. General Features of a Dynamic Sensory Filter.},
  Author                   = {Joseph Bastian},
  Journal                  = JNeurophysiol,
  Year                     = {1996},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {2483-2496},
  Volume                   = {76}
}

@Article{Bastian1996b,
  Title                    = {Plasticity in an Electrosensory System. II. Postsynaptic Events Associated With a Dynamic Sensory Filter.},
  Author                   = {Joseph Bastian},
  Journal                  = JNeurophysiol,
  Year                     = {1996},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {2497-2507},
  Volume                   = {76}
}

@Article{Bastian1995,
  Title                    = {Pyramidal-cell plasticity in weakly electric fish: a mechanism for attenuating responses to reafferent electrosensory inputs.},
  Author                   = {J. Bastian},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {1995},
  Pages                    = {63-78},
  Volume                   = {176}
}

@Article{Bastian1993a,
  Title                    = {The role of amino acid neurotransmitters in the descending control of electroreception.},
  Author                   = {J. Bastian},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {1993},
  Pages                    = {409-423},
  Volume                   = {172}
}

@Article{Bastian1987,
  Title                    = {Electrolocation in the presence of jamming signals: behavior},
  Author                   = {Joseph Bastian},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {1987},
  Pages                    = {811--824},
  Volume                   = {161}
}

@Article{Bastian1985,
  Title                    = {Gain Control in the Electrosensory System Mediated by Descending Inputs to the Electrosensory Lateral Line Lobe.},
  Author                   = {Joseph Bastian},
  Journal                  = JNeurosci,
  Year                     = {1986},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {553--562},
  Volume                   = {6}
}

@Article{Bastian1981a,
  Title                    = {Electrolocation {I}. {H}ow Electroreceptors of \textit{{A}pteronotus albifrons} Code for Moving Objects and Other Electrical Stimuli.},
  Author                   = {Joseph Bastian},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {1981},
  Pages                    = {465--479},
  Volume                   = {144}
}

@Article{Bastian1981b,
  Title                    = {Electrolocation {II}. {The} Effects of Moving Objects and Other Electrical Stimuli on the Activities of Two Categories of Posterior Lateral Line Lobe Cells in \textit{Apteronotus albifrons}.},
  Author                   = {Joseph Bastian},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {1981},
  Pages                    = {481--494},
  Volume                   = {144}
}

@Article{Bastian1990,
  Title                    = {Descending Control of Electroreception. I. Properties of Nucleus Praeeminentialis Neurons Projecting Indirectly to the Electrosensory Lateral Line Lobe.},
  Author                   = {Joseph Bastian and Bradford Bratton},
  Journal                  = JNeurosci,
  Year                     = {1990},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {1226-1240},
  Volume                   = {10}
}

@Article{Bastian1991,
  Title                    = {Morphological correlates of pyramidal cell adaptation rate in the electrosensory lateral line lobe of weakly electric fish.},
  Author                   = {Joseph Bastian and Jay Courtright},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {1991},
  Pages                    = {393-407},
  Volume                   = {168}
}

@Article{Bastian1993b,
  Title                    = {Commisural neurons of the electrosensory lateral line lob of \textit{Apteronotus leptorhnychus}: morphological and physiological characteristics.},
  Author                   = {J. Bastian and J. Courtright and J. Crawford},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {1993},
  Pages                    = {257-274},
  Volume                   = {173}
}

@Article{Bastian1980,
  Title                    = {Neural Correlates of the Jamming Avoidance Response of \textit{{E}genmannia}.},
  Author                   = {Joseph Bastian and Walter Heiligenberg},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {1980},
  Pages                    = {135--152},
  Volume                   = {136}
}

@Article{Bastian2001,
  Title                    = {Dentritic Modulation of Burst-Like Firing in Sensory Neurons.},
  Author                   = {Joseph Bastian and Jerry Nguyenkim},
  Journal                  = JNeurophysiol,
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {10-22},
  Volume                   = {85}
}

@Article{Bastianetal2001,
  Title                    = {Arginine vasotocin modulates a sexually dimorphic communication behavior in the weakly electric fish \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}},
  Author                   = {Bastian, Joseph and Schniederjan, Stephanie and Nguyenkim, Jerry},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Experimental Biology},
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {11},
  Pages                    = {1909--1923},
  Volume                   = {204},

  Abstract                 = {South American weakly electric fish produce a variety of electric organ discharge (EOD) amplitude and frequency modulations including chirps or rapid increases in EOD frequency that function as agonistic and courtship and mating displays. In Apteronotus leptorhynchus, chirps are readily evoked by the presence of the EOD of a conspecific or a sinusoidal signal designed to mimic another EOD, and we found that the frequency difference between the discharge of a given animal and that of an EOD mimic is important in determining which of two categories of chirp an animal will produce. Type-I chirps (EOD frequency increases averaging 650Hz and lasting approximately 25ms) are preferentially produced by males in response to EOD mimics with a frequency of 50{\textendash}200Hz higher or lower than that of their own. The EOD frequency of Apteronotus leptorhynchus is sexually dimorphic: female EODs range from 600 to 800Hz and male EODs range from 800 to 1000Hz. Hence, EOD frequency differences effective in evoking type-I chirps are most likely to occur during male/female interactions. This result supports previous observations that type-I chirps are emitted most often during courtship and mating. Type-II chirps, which consist of shorter-duration frequency increases of approximately 100Hz, occur preferentially in response to EOD mimics that differ from the EOD of the animal by 10{\textendash}15Hz. Hence these are preferentially evoked when animals of the same sex interact and, as previously suggested, probably represent agonistic displays. Females typically produced only type-II chirps. We also investigated the effects of arginine vasotocin on chirping. This peptide is known to modulate communication and other types of behavior in many species, and we found that arginine vasotocin decreased the production of type-II chirps by males and also increased the production of type-I chirps in a subset of males. The chirping of most females was not significantly affected by arginine vasotocin.},
  Eprint                   = {https://jeb.biologists.org/content/204/11/1909.full.pdf},
  ISSN                     = {0022-0949},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Publisher                = {The Company of Biologists Ltd},
  Timestamp                = {2020.11.19},
  Url                      = {https://jeb.biologists.org/content/204/11/1909}
}

@Article{Silva2012,
  Title                    = {Non-sex-biased Dominance in a Sexually Monomorphic Electric Fish: Fight Structure and Submissive Electric Signalling},
  Author                   = {Batista, Gervasio and Zubizarreta, Lucía and Perrone, Rossana and Silva, Ana},
  Journal                  = {Ethology},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {398-410},
  Volume                   = {118},

  Doi                      = {10.1111/j.1439-0310.2012.02022.x}
}

@Article{Behrend1977,
  Title                    = {Processing information carried in a high frequency wave: properties of cerebellar units in a high frequency electric fish.},
  Author                   = {Konstantin Behrend},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiol,
  Year                     = {1977},
  Pages                    = {357-371},
  Volume                   = {118}
}

@Article{Benda2006,
  Title                    = {A synchronization-desynchronization code for natural communication signals.},
  Author                   = {Jan Benda and Andr\'e Longtin and Leonard Maler},
  Journal                  = Neuron,
  Year                     = {2006},
  Pages                    = {347--358},
  Volume                   = {52}
}

@Article{Benda2005,
  Title                    = {Spike-frequency adaptation separates transient communication signals from background oscillations.},
  Author                   = {Jan Benda and Andr\'e Longtin and Leonard Maler},
  Journal                  = JNeurosci,
  Year                     = {2005},
  Number                   = {9},
  Pages                    = {2312--2321},
  Volume                   = {25}
}

@InCollection{Benda2020,
  Author = {Jan Benda},
  Title = {The physics of electrosensory worlds.},
  Year = {2020},
  Editor = {Fritzsch, B.and Bleckmann, H.},
  Booktitle = {The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference},
  Volume = {7},
  Publisher = {Elsevier, Academic Press},
  Pages = {228--254}
}

@Article{Berdahl2018,
  Title                    = {Collective animal navigation and migratory culture: from theoretical models to empirical evidence},
  Author                   = {Berdahl, Andrew M. and Kao, Albert B. and Flack, Andrea and Westley, Peter A. H. and Codling, Edward A. and Couzin, Iain D. and Dell, Anthony I. and Biro, Dora},
  Journal                  = PhilTransRSocLondBBiolSci,
  Year                     = {2018},
  Pages                    = {20170009},
  Volume                   = {373},

  Doi                      = {10.1098/rstb.2017.0009}
}

@Article{Betsch2004,
  Title                    = {The world from a cat{'}s perspective --- statistics of natural videos.},
  Author                   = {Belinda Y. Betsch and Wolfgang Einh\"auser and Konrad P. K\"ording and Peter K\"onig},
  Journal                  = BiolCybern,
  Year                     = {2004},
  Pages                    = {41-50},
  Volume                   = {90}
}

@Article{Bilde2007,
  Title                    = {Survival benefits select for group living in a social spider despite reproductive costs},
  Author                   = {Bilde, T. and Coates, K. S. and Birkhofer, K. and Bird, T. and Maklakov, A. A. and Lubin, Y. and Avil\'es, L.},
  Journal                  = JEvolBiol,
  Year                     = {2007},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {2412-2426},
  Volume                   = {20},

  Abstract                 = {Abstract The evolution of cooperation requires benefits of group living to exceed costs. Hence, some components of fitness are expected to increase with increasing group size, whereas others may decrease because of competition among group members. The social spiders provide an excellent system to investigate the costs and benefits of group living: they occur in groups of various sizes and individuals are relatively short-lived, therefore life history traits and Lifetime Reproductive Success (LRS) can be estimated as a function of group size. Sociality in spiders has originated repeatedly in phylogenetically distant families and appears to be accompanied by a transition to a system of continuous intra-colony mating and extreme inbreeding. The benefits of group living in such systems should therefore be substantial. We investigated the effect of group size on fitness components of reproduction and survival in the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola in two populations in Namibia. In both populations, the major benefit of group living was improved survival of colonies and late-instar juveniles with increasing colony size. By contrast, female fecundity, female body size and early juvenile survival decreased with increasing group size. Mean individual fitness, estimated as LRS and calculated from five components of reproduction and survival, was maximized for intermediate- to large-sized colonies. Group living in these spiders thus entails a net reproductive cost, presumably because of an increase in intra-colony competition with group size. This cost is traded off against survival benefits at the colony level, which appear to be the major factor favouring group living. In the field, many colonies occur at smaller size than expected from the fitness curve, suggesting ecological or life history constraints on colony persistence which results in a transient population of relatively small colonies.},
  Doi                      = {10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01407.x},
  Keywords                 = {cooperation, fitness components, lifetime reproductive success, multilevel selection, social spiders, Stegodyphus dumicola},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.21},
  Url                      = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01407.x}
}

@Article{Bleckmann1993,
  Title                    = {The responses of peripheral and central mechanosensory lateral line units of weakly electric fish to moving objects.},
  Author                   = {H. Bleckmann and R. Zelick},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {1993},
  Pages                    = {115-128},
  Volume                   = {172}
}

@Article{Blumstein2001,
  Title                    = {Yellow-Footed Rock-Wallaby Group Size Effects Reflect A Trade-Off},
  Author                   = {Blumstein, Daniel T. and Daniel, Janice C. and Evans, Christopher S.},
  Journal                  = {Ethology},
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {7},
  Pages                    = {655-664},
  Volume                   = {107},

  Doi                      = {10.1046/j.1439-0310.2001.00699.x},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.21},
  Url                      = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1439-0310.2001.00699.x}
}

@Article{Boerlin2013,
  Title                    = {Predictive Coding of Dynamical Variables in Balanced Spiking Networks.},
  Author                   = {Martin Boerlin and Christian K. Machens and Sophie Den\`eve},
  Journal                  = PLoSComputBiol,
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {11},
  Pages                    = {e1003258},
  Volume                   = {9}
}

@Article{Bol2011,
  Title                    = {Frequency-Tuned Cerebellar Channels and Burst Induced {LTD} Lead to the Cancellation of Redundant Sensory Inputs.},
  Author                   = {Kieran Bol and Gary Marsat and Eric Harvey-Girard and Andr\'e Longtin and Leonard Maler},
  Journal                  = JNeurosci,
  Year                     = {2011},
  Number                   = {30},
  Pages                    = {11028-11038},
  Volume                   = {31}
}

@Article{Bol2013,
  Title                    = {Modeling cancellation of periodic inputs with burst-STDP and feedback.},
  Author                   = {K. Bol and G. Marsat and J.F. Mejias and L. Maler and A. Longtin},
  Journal                  = NeuralNetw,
  Year                     = {2013},
  Pages                    = {120-133},
  Volume                   = {47}
}

@Book{Bradbury2011,
  Title                    = {Principles of animal communication},
  Author                   = {Bradbury, JW and Vehrencamp, SL},
  Publisher                = {Sinauer},
  Year                     = {2011},

  Address                  = {Sunderland},
  Edition                  = {2nd}
}

@Article{Bratton1990,
  Title                    = {Descending Control of Electroreception. {II.} Properties of Nucleus Praeeminentialis Neurons Projecting Directly to the Electrosensory Lateral Line Lobe.},
  Author                   = {Bradford Bratton and Joseph Bastian},
  Journal                  = JNeurosci,
  Year                     = {1990},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {1241-1253},
  Volume                   = {10}
}

@Article{Bretschneider1985,
  Title                    = {Functioning of catfish electroreceptors: fractional order filtering and non-linearity.},
  Author                   = {F. Bretschneider and J.R. De Weille and J.F.L. Klis},
  Journal                  = CompBiochemPhysiol,
  Year                     = {1985},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {191-198},
  Volume                   = {80A}
}

@Article{Bullock1970,
  Title                    = {The reliability of neurons.},
  Author                   = {Bullock, TH},
  Journal                  = JGenPhysiol,
  Year                     = {1970},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {565--584},
  Volume                   = {55}
}

@Article{Bullock1983,
  Title                    = {The Phylogenetic Distribution of Electroreception: Evidence for Convergent Evolution of a Primitive Vertebrate Sense Modality.},
  Author                   = {T.H. Bullock and D.A. Bodznick and R. Northcutt},
  Journal                  = BrainResRev,
  Year                     = {1983}
}

@Article{Bullock1972b,
  Title                    = {The jamming avoidance response of high frequency electric fish. {II.} {Quantitative} aspects.},
  Author                   = {Bullock, TH and H, RH and Scheich, H},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiol,
  Year                     = {1972},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {23--48},
  Volume                   = {77}
}

@Article{Bullock1982,
  Title                    = {Evolution of electroreception.},
  Author                   = {T.H. Bullock and R.G. Northcutt and D.A. Bodznick},
  Journal                  = TINS,
  Year                     = {1982},
  Pages                    = {50-53},
  Volume                   = {5}
}

@Article{Bullock1969,
  Title                    = {Species differences in effect of electroreceptor input on electric organ pacemakers and other aspects of behavior i
n electric fish.},
  Author                   = {Theodore H. Bullock},
  Journal                  = BrainBehavEvol,
  Year                     = {1969},
  Pages                    = {85--118},
  Volume                   = {2}
}

@Book{Bullock2006,
  Title                    = {Electroreception},
  Author                   = {Bullock, Theodore Holmes and Hopkins, Carl D and Fay, Richard R},
  Publisher                = {Springer Science \& Business Media},
  Year                     = {2006},
  Volume                   = {21}
}

@Article{Cote1995,
  Title                    = {Parasitism and group size in social animals: a meta-analysis},
  Author                   = {Isabelle M. C\^ot\'e and Robert Poulinb},
  Journal                  = BehavEcol,
  Year                     = {1995},
  Pages                    = {159-165},
  Volume                   = {6},

  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/6.2.159},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.30}
}

@Article{Carlson2013,
  Title                    = {From Sequence to Spike to Spark: Evo-devo-neuroethology of Electric Communication Mormyrid Fishes.},
  Author                   = {Bruce A Carlson and Jason R. Gallant},
  Journal                  = JNeuroGenetics,
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {106-129},
  Volume                   = {27}
}

@Article{Carr1982,
  Title                    = {Peripheral organization and central projections of the electrosensory nerves in gymnotiform fish.},
  Author                   = {C. E. Carr and L. Maler and E. Sas},
  Journal                  = JCompNeurol,
  Year                     = {1982},
  Pages                    = {139--153},
  Volume                   = {211}
}

@Article{Catania2015a,
  Title                    = {Electric eels use high-voltage to track fast-moving prey},
  Author                   = {Catania, KC},
  Journal                  = NatCommun,
  Year                     = {2015},
  Pages                    = {8638},
  Volume                   = {6}
}

@Article{Catania2014,
  Title                    = {The shocking predatory strike of the electric eel},
  Author                   = {Catania, KC},
  Journal                  = Science,
  Year                     = {2014},
  Number                   = {6214},
  Pages                    = {1231--1234},
  Volume                   = {346}
}

@Article{Cavigelli1999,
  Title                    = {Behavioural patterns associated with faecal cortisol levels in free-ranging female ring-tailed lemurs,Lemur catta},
  Author                   = {Sonia A. Cavigelli},
  Journal                  = AnimBehav,
  Year                     = {1999},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {935 - 944},
  Volume                   = {57},

  Abstract                 = {The study of physiological stress and its context in free-ranging animals provides a means for understanding the challenges found in the natural habitat. Patterns of physiological stress in free-ranging animals have yet to be well characterized. Methodological difficulties in measuring physiological responses in the natural habitat have limited this area of research. In this research, physiological stress in free-ranging ring-tailed lemurs,Lemur catta, was estimated using a steroid-extraction method to measure cortisol levels from female faeces. Ten females were observed across two social groups in southwestern Madagascar during a 5-month period including portions of the annual wet and dry seasons. I used behavioural measures to estimate predation threat, food accessibility and individual dominance status, to determine whether these variables predict faecal cortisol levels. Faecal cortisol levels were relatively high during two distinct periods: one period coincided with late gestation and the other period corresponded with the end of the dry season, when high-intensity antipredatory behaviour and estimates of feeding effort were elevated. In addition, faecal cortisol measures were significantly correlated with dominance indices: high-index individuals had high cortisol values, and low-index individuals had low cortisol values. These results suggest that faecal cortisol measures can be used to assess seasonal and individual differences in adrenal activity in this lemurid primate, and that this measure could provide a means for quantifying physiological stress in free-ranging animals.},
  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.1054},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.27},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347298910545}
}

@Article{Chagnaud2008,
  Title                    = {Receptive field organization of electrosensory neurons in the paddlefish (\textit{Polyodon spathula}.},
  Author                   = {B.P. Chagnaud and L.A. Wilkens and M.H. Hofmann},
  Journal                  = JPhysiol,
  Year                     = {2008},
  Pages                    = {246-255},
  Volume                   = {102}
}

@Article{Chapman1995,
  Title                    = {Ecological constraints on group size: an analysis of spider monkey and chimpanzee subgroups},
  Author                   = {Chapman, C. and Chapman, L. and Wrangham, R.},
  Journal                  = BehavEcolSociobiol,
  Year                     = {1995},
  Number                   = {59},
  Volume                   = {36},

  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00175729},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.30}
}

@Article{Charpentier2005,
  Title                    = {Constraints on control: factors influencing reproductive success in male mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx)},
  Author                   = {Charpentier, Marie and Peignot, Patricia and Hossaert-McKey, Martine and Gimenez, Olivier and Setchell, Joanna M. and Wickings, E. Jean},
  Journal                  = BehavEcol,
  Year                     = {2005},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {614-623},
  Volume                   = {16},

  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.23}
}

@Article{Chikkerur2010,
  Title                    = {What and where: A Bayesian inference theory of attention.},
  Author                   = {Sharat Chikkerur and Thomas Serre and Cheston Tan and Tomaso Poggio},
  Journal                  = VisionRes,
  Year                     = {2010},
  Pages                    = {2233-2247},
  Volume                   = {50}
}

@Article{Chivers1995,
  Title                    = {Familiarity and shoal cohesion in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas): implications for antipredator behaviour},
  Author                   = {Douglas P. Chivers and Grant E. Brown and R. Jan F. Smith},
  Journal                  = {Canadian Journal of Zoology},
  Year                     = {1995},
  Pages                    = {955-960},
  Volume                   = {73},

  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1139/z95-111},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.27}
}

@Article{Clarke2020,
  Title                    = {The effect of normoxia exposure on hypoxia tolerance and sensory sampling in a swamp-dwelling mormyrid fish.},
  Author                   = {Shelby B. Clarke and Lauren J. Chapman and R\"udiger Krahe},
  Journal                  = {Comp Biochem Physiol A},
  Year                     = {2020},
  Pages                    = {110586},
  Volume                   = {240}
}

@Article{Cluttonbrock1979,
  Title                    = {The logical stag: Adaptive aspects of fighting in red deer (Cervus elaphus L.)},
  Author                   = {T.H. Clutton-Brock and S.D. Albon and R.M. Gibson and F.E. Guinness},
  Journal                  = {Animal Behaviour},
  Year                     = {1979},
  Pages                    = {211 - 225},
  Volume                   = {27},

  Abstract                 = {For red deer stags, fighting both has appreciable costs and yields considerable benefits. Up to 6% of rutting stags are permanently injured each year, while fighting success and reproductive success are closely related, within age groups as well as across them. Fighting behaviour is sensitive to changes in the potential benefits of fighting: stags fight most frequently and most intensely where potential benefits are high and tend to avoid fighting with individuals they are unlikely to beat. The relevance of these findings to theoretical models of fighting behaviour is discussed.},
  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(79)90141-6},
  ISSN                     = {0003-3472},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.12.09},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0003347279901416}
}

@Article{Clutton-Brock1999,
  Title                    = {Predation, group size and mortality in a cooperative mongoose, Suricata suricatta},
  Author                   = {Clutton-Brock, T. H. and Gaynor, D. and McIlrath, G. M. and Maccoll, A. D. C. and Kansky, R. and Chadwick, P. and Manser, M. and Skinner, J. D. and Brotherton, P. N. M.},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Animal Ecology},
  Year                     = {1999},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {672-683},
  Volume                   = {68},

  Doi                      = {10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00317.x},
  Keywords                 = {cooperative breeding, demography, mammals, mortality},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.21},
  Url                      = {https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00317.x}
}

@Article{Collin2012,
  Title                    = {The Neuroecology of Cartilaginous Fishes: Sensory Strategies for Survival.},
  Author                   = {Shaun P. Collin},
  Journal                  = BrainBehavEvol,
  Year                     = {2012},
  Pages                    = {80-96},
  Volume                   = {80}
}

@Article{Cox2004,
  Title                    = {Amazonian ecology: tributaries enhance the diversity of electric fishes.},
  Author                   = {C. Cox-Fernandes and J. Podos and J. G. Lundberg},
  Journal                  = Science,
  Year                     = {2004},
  Pages                    = {1960--1962},
  Volume                   = {305}
}

@Article{Crampton2013,
  Title                    = {Proximate and ultimate causes of signal diversity in the electric fish \textit{Gymnotus}.},
  Author                   = {W.G.R. Crampton and A. Rodriguez-Catt\'aneo and N.R. Lovejoy and A.A. Caputi},
  Journal                  = JExpBiol,
  Year                     = {2013},
  Pages                    = {2523-2541},
  Volume                   = {216}
}

@InCollection{Crampton2011,
  Title                    = {An ecological perspective on diversity and distributions.},
  Author                   = {W. G. R. Crampton},
  Booktitle                = {Historical biogeography of neotropical freshwater fishes.},
  Publisher                = {University of California Press},
  Year                     = {2011},

  Address                  = {California},
  Editor                   = {J. S. Albert and R. Reis},
  Pages                    = {165--189}
}

@Article{Creel1996,
  Title                    = {Social stress and dominance},
  Author                   = {S. Creel and N. Marusha Creel and S. Monfort},
  Journal                  = {Nature},
  Year                     = {1996},
  Pages                    = {212},
  Volume                   = {379},

  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1038/379212a0},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.27}
}

@Article{Crick1984,
  Title                    = {Function of the thalamic reticular complex: the searchlight hypothesis.},
  Author                   = {Francis Crick},
  Journal                  = PNAS,
  Year                     = {1984},
  Pages                    = {4586--4590},
  Volume                   = {81}
}

@Article{Crook2004,
  Title                    = {Is the home range concept compatible with the movements of two species of lowland river fish?},
  Author                   = {David A. Crook},
  Journal                  = JAnimEcol,
  Year                     = {2004},
  Pages                    = {353--366},
  Volume                   = {73}
}

@Article{Cuadrado1987,
  Title                    = {The Cytoarchitecture of the Torus Semicircularis in the Teleost \textit{Barbus meridionalis}.},
  Author                   = {M.I. Cuadrado},
  Journal                  = JMorph,
  Year                     = {1987},
  Pages                    = {233-245},
  Volume                   = {191}
}

@Article{Cuadrado1992,
  Title                    = {Neuropeptides and Monoamines in the Torus Semicircularis of the Carp (Cyprinus carpio.},
  Author                   = {M. Isabel Cuadrado and Rafael Cove{\~n}as and G\'erard Tramu},
  Journal                  = BrainResBull,
  Year                     = {1992}
}

@Article{Cuddy2012,
  Title                    = {Electrocommunication behaviour and non invasively-measured androgen changes following induced seasonal breeding in the weakly electric fish, \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}},
  Author                   = {Cuddy, Martin and Aubin-Horth, Nadia and Krahe, R{\"u}diger},
  Journal                  = {Hormones and behavior},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {4--11},
  Volume                   = {61},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{Cvikel2015,
  Title                    = {On-board recordings reveal no jamming avoidance in wild bats},
  Author                   = {Cvikel, Noam and Levin, Eran and Hurme, Edward and Borissov, Ivailo and Boonman, Arjan and Amichai, Eran and Yovel, Yossi},
  Journal                  = {Proc. R. Soc. B},
  Year                     = {2015},
  Number                   = {1798},
  Volume                   = {282},

  Doi                      = {10.1098/rspb.2014.2274},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11}
}

@Article{Dangelmayer2016,
  Title                    = {Weakly electric fish learn both visual and electrosensory cues in a multisensory object discrimination task},
  Author                   = {Sandra Dangelmayer and Jan Benda and Jan Grewe},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Physiology-Paris},
  Year                     = {2016},
  Note                     = {Electric Fish Meeting 2016: Electrosensory and Electromotor Systems},
  Number                   = {3, Part B},
  Pages                    = {182 - 189},
  Volume                   = {110},

  Abstract                 = {Weakly electric fish use electrosensory, visual, olfactory and lateral line information to guide foraging and navigation behaviors. In many cases they preferentially rely on electrosensory cues. Do fish also memorize non-electrosensory cues? Here, we trained individuals of gymnotiform weakly electric fish Apteronotus albifrons in an object discrimination task. Objects were combinations of differently conductive materials covered with differently colored cotton hoods. By setting visual and electrosensory cues in conflict we analyzed the sensory hierarchy among the electrosensory and the visual sense in object discrimination. Our experiments show that: (i) black ghost knifefish can be trained to solve discrimination tasks similarly to the mormyrid fish; (ii) fish preferentially rely on electrosensory cues for object discrimination; (iii) despite the dominance of the electrosense they still learn the visual cue and use it when electrosensory information is not available; (iv) fish prefer the trained combination of rewarded cues over combinations that match only in a single feature and also memorize the non-rewarded combination.},
  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.10.007},
  ISSN                     = {0928-4257},
  Keywords                 = {Electric fish, Cognition, Learning, Multisensory integration, Multimodal},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.12.15},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0928425716300213}
}

@Article{Dawson2018,
  Title                    = {Habitat use and movements of Australian grayling (\textit{Prototroctes maraena}) in a Victorian coastal stream.},
  Author                   = {D. R. Dawson and W. M. Koster},
  Journal                  = {Marine and Freshwater Research},
  Year                     = {2018},
  Pages                    = {1259--1267},
  Volume                   = {69}
}

@Article{Deemyad2013,
  Title                    = {Serotonin selectively enhances perception and sensory neural response to stimuli generated by same sex conspecifics.},
  Author                   = {Tara Deemyad and Michael G. Metzen and Yingzhou Pan and Maurice J. Chacron},
  Journal                  = PNAS,
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {48},
  Pages                    = {19609-19614},
  Volume                   = {110}
}

@Article{Dell2014,
  Title                    = {Automated image-based tracking and its application in ecology},
  Author                   = {Anthony I. Dell and John A. Bender and Kristin Branson and Iain D. Couzin and Gonzalo G. de Polavieja and Lucas P.J.J. Noldus and Alfonso P\'erez-Escudero and Pietro Perona and Andrew D. Straw and Martin Wikelski and Ulrich Brose},
  Journal                  = TIEE,
  Year                     = {2014},
  Number                   = {7},
  Pages                    = {417 - 428},
  Volume                   = {29},

  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2014.05.004},
  Keywords                 = {behavior, bio-logging, ecological interactions, tracking, automated image-based tracking},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169534714001074}
}

@Article{DeWoody2000,
  Title                    = {Genetic monogamy and biparental care in an externally fertilizing fish, the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)},
  Author                   = {J. Andrew DeWoody and Dean E. Fletcher and S. David Wilkins and William S. Nelson and John C. Avise},
  Journal                  = ProcRSocLondBBiolSci,
  Year                     = {2000},
  Pages                    = {2431 - 2437},
  Volume                   = {267},

  Doi                      = {10.1098/rspb.2000.1302},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.30}
}

@Article{Dong1995,
  Title                    = {Statistics of natural time varying-images.},
  Author                   = {Dawei W Dong and Joseph J Atick},
  Journal                  = Network,
  Year                     = {1995},
  Pages                    = {345-358},
  Volume                   = {6}
}

@Article{Dunham2008,
  Title                    = {Battle of the sexes: cost asymmetry explains female dominance in lemurs},
  Author                   = {Dunham, Amy E},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Journal                  = {Anim Behav},
  Volume                   = {76},
  Pages                    = {1435--1439},
}

@Article{Dunlap2002,
  Title                    = {Retreat site selection and social organization in captive electric fish, \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}},
  Author                   = {Dunlap, K.
and Oliveri, L.},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {469--477},
  Volume                   = {188},

  Abstract                 = {Gymnotiform fish use their electric organ discharge for electrolocation and communication. They are active nocturnally and seek retreat sites during the day. We examined retreat site selection in Apteronotus leptorhynchus by assessing their preference for retreat tubes that differed in opacity and dimension. Isolated fish preferred opaque to clear tubes, long and narrow diameter tubes to short, wide diameter tubes, and open-ended to closed tubes. We also assessed how groups of fish distributed themselves in tubes according to sex and electric organ discharge frequency under four conditions: (1) unlimited tube availability, (2) limited tube availability, (3) variation in tube opacity, and (4) variation in tube dimension. When tube availability was unlimited, fish generally preferred to occupy tubes alone. However, females, but not males, often cohabited tubes with consexuals. When tube availability was limited, females were more often than males found outside of tubes. When tubes varied by opacity and dimension, fish clustered most commonly in preferred tube types (opaque and long tubes). Males with the highest electric organ discharge frequencies usually occupied the most preferred tube type. Thus, fish have clear preferences in selecting retreat sites and groups of fish reveal their dominance relationships when presented with variation in retreat sites.},
  Day                      = {01},
  Doi                      = {10.1007/s00359-002-0319-5},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11},
  Url                      = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-002-0319-5}
}

@Article{Dunlap2002b,
  Title                    = {Hormonal and body size correlates of electrocommunication behavior during dyadic interactions in a weakly electric fish, \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}.},
  Author                   = {K. D. Dunlap},
  Journal                  = HormBehav,
  Year                     = {2002},
  Pages                    = {187--194},
  Volume                   = {41}
}

@Article{Dunlap2003a,
  Title                    = {Production of aggressive electrocommunication signals to progressively realistic social stimuli in male \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}.},
  Author                   = {K. D. Dunlap and J. Larkins-Ford},
  Journal                  = {Ethology},
  Year                     = {2003},
  Pages                    = {243--258},
  Volume                   = {109}
}

@Article{Dunlap2003b,
  Title                    = {Diversity in the structure of electrocommunication signals within a genus of electric fish, \textit{Apteronotus}.},
  Author                   = {K. D. Dunlap and J. Larkins-Ford},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {2003},
  Pages                    = {153--161},
  Volume                   = {189}
}

@Article{Eeuwes2008,
  Title                    = {Behavioural relevance of AC and DC in prey detection by the brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus .},
  Author                   = {Lonneke B.M. Eeuwes and Robert C. Peters and Franklin Bretschneider},
  Journal                  = AnimBiol,
  Year                     = {2008},
  Pages                    = {321-336},
  Volume                   = {58}
}

@Article{Egner2010,
  Title                    = {Expectation and Surprise Determine Neural Population Responses int the Ventral Visual Stream.},
  Author                   = {Tobias Egner and Jim M. Monti and Christopher Summerfield},
  Journal                  = JNeurosci,
  Year                     = {2010},
  Number                   = {49},
  Pages                    = {16601-16608},
  Volume                   = {30}
}

@Article{Egnor2016,
  Title                    = {Computational Analysis of Behavior.},
  Author                   = {S. E. Roian Egnor and Kristin Branson},
  Journal                  = AnnuRevNeurosci,
  Year                     = {2016},
  Pages                    = {217-36},
  Volume                   = {39},

  Doi                      = {10.1146/annurev-neuro-070815-013845},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11}
}

@Article{Endler1993,
  Title                    = {Some general comments on the evolution and design of animal communication systems},
  Author                   = {Endler, John A},
  Journal                  = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences},
  Year                     = {1993},
  Number                   = {1292},
  Pages                    = {215--225},
  Volume                   = {340},

  Publisher                = {The Royal Society London}
}

@Article{Engh2002,
  Title                    = {Reproductive skew among males in a female-dominated mammalian society},
  Author                   = {Engh, Anne L. and Funk, Stephan M. and Horn, Russell C. Van and Scribner, Kim T. and Bruford, Michael W. and Libants, Scot and Szykman, Micaela and Smale, Laura and Holekamp, Kay E.},
  Journal                  = BehavEcol,
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {193-200},
  Volume                   = {13},

  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.23}
}

@Article{Engler2000,
  Title                    = {Spontaneous modulations of the electric organ discharge in the weakly electric fish, \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}: a biophysical and behavioral analysis},
  Author                   = {Engler, G. and Fogarty, C.M. and Banks, J.R. and Zupanc, G.K.H.},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {2000},
  Number                   = {7},
  Pages                    = {645--660},
  Volume                   = {186},

  Doi                      = {10.1007/s003590000118},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2017.05.04},
  Url                      = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590000118}
}

@Article{Engler2001,
  Title                    = {Differential production of chirping behavior evoked by electrical stimulation of the weakly electric fish, \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}.},
  Author                   = {Engler, G and Zupanc, G K},
  Journal                  = {J Comp Physiol A},
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {9},
  Pages                    = {747--756},
  Volume                   = {187}
}

@Article{Escamilla2019,
  Title                    = {Spatial and temporal distribution of \textit{Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni} ({Gymnotiformes}: {Rhamphichthyidae}) in a long-term study of an Amazonian terra firme stream, {Leticia} - {Colombia}.},
  Author                   = {Carolina Escamilla-Pinilla and Jos\'e Iv\'an Mojica and Jorge Molina},
  Journal                  = {Neotropical Ichtyology},
  Year                     = {2019},
  Pages                    = {e190006},
  Volume                   = {17}
}

@Article{Fenske2006,
  Title                    = {Top-down facilitation of visual object recognition: object-based and context-based contributions.},
  Author                   = {Mark J. Fenske and Elissa Aminoff and Nurit Gronau and Moshe Bar},
  Journal                  = ProgBrainRes,
  Year                     = {2006},
  Pages                    = {3-21},
  Volume                   = {155}
}

@Article{Fernald2014,
  Title                    = {Communication about social status},
  Author                   = {Russell D Fernald},
  Journal                  = CurrOpinNeurobiol,
  Year                     = {2014},
  Note                     = {SI: Communication and language},
  Pages                    = {1 - 4},
  Volume                   = {28},

  Abstract                 = {Dominance hierarchies are ubiquitous in social species and serve to organize social systems. Social and sexual status is communicated directly among animals via sensory systems evolved in the particular species. Such signals may be chemical, visual, auditory, postural or a combination of signals. In most species, status is initially established through physical conflict between individuals that leads to ritualized conflict or threats, reducing possibly dangerous results of fighting. Many of the status signals contain other information, as in some bird species that communicate both the size of their group and their individual rank vocally. Recent studies have shown that scent signaling among hyenas of east Africa is unique, being produced by fermentative, odor producing bacteria residing in the scent glands.},
  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2014.04.004},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.23},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095943881400083X}
}

@Article{Ferraris2017,
  Title                    = {Checklist of Gymnotiformes (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi) and catalogue of primary types.},
  Author                   = {Ferraris, Jr., C. J. and C. D. de Santana and R. P. Vari},
  Journal                  = {Neotropical Ichthyology},
  Year                     = {2017},
  Pages                    = {1--44},
  Volume                   = {15}
}

@Article{Field1994,
  Title                    = {What Is the Goal of Sensory Coding?},
  Author                   = {David J. Field},
  Journal                  = NeuralComput,
  Year                     = {1994},
  Pages                    = {559-601},
  Volume                   = {6}
}

@Article{Fischer2011,
  Title                    = {Owl's behavior and neural representation predicted by Bayesian inference.},
  Author                   = {Brain Fischer and Jos\'e Luis Pena},
  Journal                  = NatNeurosci,
  Year                     = {2011},
  Pages                    = {1061--1067},
  Volume                   = {14}
}

@Article{Fotowat2013,
  Title                    = {Statistics of the electrosensory input in the freely swimming weakly electric fish \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}},
  Author                   = {Fotowat, Haleh and Harrison, Reid R. and Krahe, R{\"u}diger},
  Journal                  = JNeurosci,
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {34},
  Pages                    = {13758--13772},
  Volume                   = {33},

  Doi                      = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0998-13.2013},
  Url                      = {https://www.jneurosci.org/content/33/34/13758}
}

@Article{Freeman2013,
  Title                    = {A functional and perceptual signature of the second visual area in primates.},
  Author                   = {Jeremy Freeman and Corey M. Ziemba and David H. Heeger and Eero P. Simoncelli and J. Anthony Movshon},
  Journal                  = NatNeurosci,
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {7},
  Pages                    = {doi:10.1038/nn.3402.},
  Volume                   = {16}
}

@Article{Freund2002,
  Title                    = {Behavioral Stochastic Resonance: How the Noise from a Daphnia Swarm Enhances Individual Prey Capture by Juvenile Paddlefish.},
  Author                   = {Jan A. Freund and Lutz Schimanski-Geier and Beatrix Beisner and Alexander Neiman and David F. Russell and Tatyana Yakusheva and Frank Moss},
  Journal                  = JTheorBiol,
  Year                     = {2002}
}

@Article{Friard2016,
  Title                    = {BORIS: a free, versatile open-source event-logging software for video/audio coding and live observations},
  Author                   = {Friard, Olivier and Gamba, Marco},
  Journal                  = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution},
  Year                     = {2016},
  Number                   = {11},
  Pages                    = {1325-1330},
  Volume                   = {7},

  Doi                      = {10.1111/2041-210X.12584},
  Url                      = {https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/2041-210X.12584}
}

@Article{Friedman1996,
  Title                    = {Tracking individual mormyrid electric fish in the field using electric organ discharge waveforms.},
  Author                   = {M. A. Friedman and C. D. Hopkins},
  Journal                  = AnimBehav,
  Year                     = {1996},
  Pages                    = {391--407},
  Volume                   = {51}
}

@Article{Froudarakis2014,
  Title                    = {Population code in mouse V1 facilitates readout of natural scenes through increased sparseness.},
  Author                   = {Emmanouil Froudarakis and Philipp Berens and Alexander S Ecker and R James Cotton and Fabian H Sinz and Dimitri Yatsenko and Peter Saggau and Matthias Bethge and Andreas S Tolias},
  Journal                  = NatNeurosci,
  Year                     = {2014},
  Pages                    = {doi:10.1038/nn.3707},
  Volume                   = {Advance online publication}
}

@Article{Fugere2011,
  Title                    = {Electrical signalling of dominance in a wild population of electric fish},
  Author                   = {Fug\`ere, Vincent and Ortega, Hern\'an and Krahe, R\"udiger},
  Journal                  = {Biology Letters},
  Year                     = {2011},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {197-200},
  Volume                   = {7},

  Doi                      = {10.1098/rsbl.2010.0804},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11}
}

@Article{Geffen1996,
  Title                    = {Size, Life-History Traits, and Social Organization in the Canidae: A Reevaluation},
  Author                   = {Geffen, Eli and Gompper, Matthew E. and Gittleman, John L. and Luh, Hang-Kwang and MacDonald, David W. and Wayne, Robert K.},
  Journal                  = {The American Naturalist},
  Year                     = {1996},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {140-160},
  Volume                   = {147},

  Doi                      = {10.1086/285844},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.30},
  Url                      = { 
 https://doi.org/10.1086/285844
 
}
}

@Article{Geisler2008,
  Title                    = {Visual perception and the statistical properties of natural scenes .},
  Author                   = {Wilson S. Geisler},
  Journal                  = AnnuRevPsychol,
  Year                     = {2008}
}

@Article{Gershman2012,
  Title                    = {Multistability and Perceptual Inference.},
  Author                   = {Samuel J. Gersham and Edward Vul and Joshua B. Tenenbaum},
  Journal                  = NeuralComput,
  Year                     = {2012},
  Pages                    = {1-24},
  Volume                   = {24}
}

@Article{Gilbert2007,
  Title                    = {Brain States: Top-down Influences in Sensory Processing.},
  Author                   = {Charles D. Gilbert and Mariano Sigman},
  Journal                  = Neuron,
  Year                     = {2007},
  Pages                    = {677-696},
  Volume                   = {54}
}

@Article{Gomez2014,
  Title                    = {Big behavioral data: psychology, ethology and the foundations of neuroscience.},
  Author                   = {Alex Gomez-Marin and Joseph J. Paton and Adam R. Kampff and Rui M. Costa and Zachary F. Mainen},
  Journal                  = NatNeurosci,
  Year                     = {2014},
  Pages                    = {1455--1462},
  Volume                   = {17}
}

@Article{Goris2014,
  Title                    = {Partitioning neuronal variability.},
  Author                   = {Robbe L T Goris and J Anthony Movshon and Eero P Simoncelli},
  Journal                  = NatNeurosci,
  Year                     = {2014},
  Pages                    = {doi:10.1038/nn.3711},
  Volume                   = {Advanced online publication}
}

@Article{Grewe2017,
  Title                    = {Synchronous spikes are necessary but not sufficient for a synchrony code},
  Author                   = {J. Grewe and A. Kruscha and B. Lindner and J. Benda},
  Journal                  = PNAS,
  Year                     = {2017},
  Pages                    = {E1977},
  Volume                   = {114}
}

@Article{Grosenick2007,
  Title                    = {Fish can infer social rank by observation alone},
  Author                   = {Grosenick, Logan and Clement, Tricia S and Fernald, Russell D},
  Journal                  = {Nature},
  Year                     = {2007},
  Number                   = {7126},
  Pages                    = {429--432},
  Volume                   = {445},

  Publisher                = {Nature Publishing Group}
}

@Article{Hojesjo1998,
  Title                    = {The importance of being familiar: individual recognition and social behavior in sea trout (Salmo trutta)},
  Author                   = {H\"ojesj\"o, Johan and Johnsson, J\"orgen I. and Petersson, Erik and J\"arvi, Torbj\"orn},
  Journal                  = BehavEcol,
  Year                     = {1998},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {445-451},
  Volume                   = {9},

  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/9.5.445},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.27}
}

@Article{Hagedorn1988,
  Title                    = {Ecology and Behavior of a Pulse-Type Electric Fish, Hypopomus occidentalis (Gymnotiformes, Hypopomidae), in a Fresh-Water Stream in Panama},
  Author                   = {Mary Hagedorn},
  Journal                  = {Copeia},
  Year                     = {1988},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {324-335},
  Volume                   = {1988},

  Doi                      = {10.2307/1445872},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11}
}

@Article{Hagedorn1985,
  Title                    = {Court and spark: electric signals in the courtship and mating of gymnotoid fish},
  Author                   = {Hagedorn, Mary and Walter Heiligenberg},
  Journal                  = AnimBehav,
  Year                     = {1985},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {254 - 265},
  Volume                   = {33},

  Doi                      = {http://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(85)80139-1},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2017.04.27},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347285801391}
}

@Article{Hager1991,
  Title                    = {Safety in numbers: shoal size choice by minnows under predatory threat},
  Author                   = {Hager, M.C. and Helfman, G.S.},
  Journal                  = BehavEcolSociobiol,
  Year                     = {1991},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {271-276},
  Volume                   = {29},

  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00163984},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.27}
}

@Article{Harvey-Girard2013,
  Title                    = {Expression of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor in the Gymnotiform Fish Brain and Its Implications for the Organization of the Telleost Pallium.},
  Author                   = {Erik Harvey-Girard and Ana C.C. Giassi and William Ellis and Leonard Maler},
  Journal                  = JCompNeurol,
  Year                     = {2013},
  Pages                    = {949-975},
  Volume                   = {521}
}

@Article{Harvey2013,
  Title                    = {Dendritic SK. Channels convert NMDA-R-dependent LTD to burst timing-dependent plasticity},
  Author                   = {Eric Harvey-Girard and Leonard Maler},
  Journal                  = JNeurophysiol,
  Year                     = {2013},
  Pages                    = {2689-2703},
  Volume                   = {110}
}

@Article{Hass2002,
  Title                    = {Anti-predator benefits of group living in white-nosed coatis (Nasua narica)},
  Author                   = {Hass, Christine C.
and Valenzuela, David},
  Journal                  = BehavEcolSociobiol,
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {570--578},
  Volume                   = {51},

  Day                      = {01},
  Doi                      = {10.1007/s00265-002-0463-5},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.21},
  Url                      = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-002-0463-5}
}

@Article{Heiligenberg1973,
  Title                    = {Electrolocation of objects in the electric fish \textit{Eigenmannia} ({Rhamphichthyidae}, {Gymnotoidei}).},
  Author                   = {Walter Heiligenberg},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiol,
  Year                     = {1973},
  Pages                    = {137--164},
  Volume                   = {87}
}

@Article{Heiligenberg1996,
  Title                    = {Motor control of the jamming avoidance response of \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}: evolutionary changes of a behavior and its neuronal substrates.},
  Author                   = {W. Heiligenberg and W. Metzner and C. J. H. Wong and C. H. Keller},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {1996},
  Pages                    = {653--674},
  Volume                   = {179}
}

@Article{Hennig2004,
  Title                    = {Processing of auditory information in insects.},
  Author                   = {R. M. Hennig and A. Franz and A. Stumpner},
  Journal                  = MicroscResTech,
  Year                     = {2004},
  Pages                    = {351--374},
  Volume                   = {63}
}

@Article{Henninger2018,
  Title                    = {Statistics of natural communication signals observed in the wild identify important yet neglected stimulus regimes in weakly electric fish.},
  Author                   = {J\"org Henninger and R\"udiger Krahe and Frank Kirschbaum and Jan Grewe and Jan Benda},
  Journal                  = {J. Neurosci.},
  Year                     = {2018},
  Pages                    = {5456--5465},
  Volume                   = {38}
}

@Article{Henninger2020,
  Title                    = {Tracking activity patterns of a multispecies community of gymnotiform weakly electric fish in their neotropical habitat without tagging},
  Author                   = {Henninger, J{\"o}rg and Krahe, R{\"u}diger and Sinz, Fabian and Benda, Jan},
  Journal                  = JExpBiol,
  Year                     = {2020},
  Pages                    = {jeb206342},
  Volume                   = {223},

  Abstract                 = {Field studies on freely behaving animals commonly require tagging and often are focused on single species. Weakly electric fish generate a species- and individual-specific electric organ discharge (EOD) and therefore provide a unique opportunity for individual tracking without tagging. Here, we present and test tracking algorithms based on recordings with submerged electrode arrays. Harmonic structures extracted from power spectra provide fish identity. Localization of fish based on weighted averages of their EOD amplitudes is found to be more robust than fitting a dipole model. We apply these techniques to monitor a community of three species, Apteronotus rostratus, Eigenmannia humboldtii and Sternopygus dariensis, in their natural habitat in Dari{\'e}n, Panama. We found consistent upstream movements after sunset followed by downstream movements in the second half of the night. Extrapolations of these movements and estimates of fish density obtained from additional transect data suggest that some fish cover at least several hundreds of meters of the stream per night. Most fish, including E. humboldtii, were traversing the electrode array solitarily. From in situ measurements of the decay of the EOD amplitude with distance of individual animals, we estimated that fish can detect conspecifics at distances of up to 2 m. Our recordings also emphasize the complexity of natural electrosensory scenes resulting from the interactions of the EODs of different species. Electrode arrays thus provide an unprecedented window into the so-far hidden nocturnal activities of multispecies communities of weakly electric fish at an unmatched level of detail.},
  Doi                      = {10.1242/jeb.206342},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Publisher                = {The Company of Biologists Ltd},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11},
  Url                      = {https://jeb.biologists.org/content/223/3/jeb206342}
}

@Article{Hirabayashi2014,
  Title                    = {Computational principles of microcircuits for visual object processing in the macaque temporal cortex.},
  Author                   = {Toshiyuki Hirabayashi and Yasushi Miyashita},
  Journal                  = TINS,
  Year                     = {2014},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {178-187},
  Volume                   = {37}
}

@Article{Hodgkin1952,
  Title                    = {A Quantitative Description of Membrane Current and its Application to Conduction and Excitation in Nerve.},
  Author                   = {A. L. Hodgkin and A. F. Huxley},
  Journal                  = JPhysiol,
  Year                     = {1952},
  Pages                    = {500--544},
  Volume                   = {117}
}

@Article{Hofmann2008,
  Title                    = {Response properties of electrosensory units in the midbrain tectum of the paddlefish (Polyodon spathula Walbaum.},
  Author                   = {M.H. Hofmann and S.N. Jung and U. Siebenaller and M. Prei{\ss}ner and B.P. Chagnaud and L.A. Wilkens},
  Journal                  = JExpBiol,
  Year                     = {2008},
  Pages                    = {773-779},
  Volume                   = {211}
}

@Article{Hopkins1974,
  Title                    = {Electric communication: functions in the social behavior of \textit{Eigenmannia virescens}},
  Author                   = {Carl D. Hopkins},
  Journal                  = {Behaviour},
  Year                     = {1974},
  Number                   = {3/4},
  Pages                    = {270-305},
  Volume                   = {50},

  Doi                      = {10.2307/4533613},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11}
}

@Article{Hopkins1978,
  Title                    = {Evolutionary designs for electric signals and electroreceptors in gymnotoid fishes of {Surinam}.},
  Author                   = {Carl D. Hopkins and Walter F. Heiligenberg},
  Journal                  = BehavEcolSociobiol,
  Year                     = {1978},
  Pages                    = {113--134},
  Volume                   = {3}
}

@Article{Hosoya2005,
  Title                    = {Dynamic predictive coding by the retina.},
  Author                   = {Toshihiko Hosoya and Stephen A. Baccus and Markus Meister},
  Journal                  = Nature,
  Year                     = {2005},
  Pages                    = {71-77},
  Volume                   = {436}
}

@Article{Huetz2011,
  Title                    = {Neural codes in the thalamocortical auditory system: from artificial stimuli to communication sounds.},
  Author                   = {Chlo\'e Huetz and Boris Gour\'evitch and Jean-Marc Edeline},
  Journal                  = HearRes,
  Year                     = {2011},
  Pages                    = {147-158},
  Volume                   = {271}
}

@Article{Hughey2018,
  Title                    = {Challenges and solutions for studying collective animal behaviour in the wild},
  Author                   = {Hughey, Lacey F. and Hein, Andrew M. and Strandburg-Peshkin, Ariana and Jensen, Frants H.},
  Journal                  = PhilTransRSocLondBBiolSci,
  Year                     = {2018},
  Number                   = {1746},
  Volume                   = {373},

  Doi                      = {10.1098/rstb.2017.0005},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11}
}

@Article{Hupe2008,
  Title                    = {Electrocommunication signals in free swimming brown ghost knifefish, \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}},
  Author                   = {Ginette Hup\'e and John Lewis},
  Journal                  = JExpBiol,
  Year                     = {2008},
  Pages                    = {1657-67},
  Volume                   = {211},

  Doi                      = {10.1242/jeb.013516},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11}
}

@Article{Hupe2008b,
  Title                    = {The effect of difference frequency on electrocommunication: chirp production and encoding in a species of weakly electric fish, \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}.},
  Author                   = {Ginette J. Hup\'e and John E. Lewis and Jan Benda},
  Journal                  = JPhysiolParis,
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {4--6},
  Pages                    = {164--172},
  Volume                   = {102}
}

@Article{Janson1985,
  Title                    = {Aggresive competition and individual food consumption in wild brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)},
  Author                   = {Janson, Charles},
  Journal                  = BehavEcolSociobiol,
  Year                     = {1985},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {125--138},
  Volume                   = {18},

  Abstract                 = {The impact of aggresive competition on food intake at all the resources used is analysed for every member of a group of brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) in the Manu National Park, Peru, where they live in groups of 8--14 animals. An individual's food intake at a given tree was affected independently both by its domirance rank (Fig. 1) and by how much aggression it received (Table 5). Food intake was not strongly affected by body size when dominance rank was held constant by partial correlation. At food sources where high rates of fighting occurred, an individual's food intake depended more on its domirance status than on the rate of aggression it received (Fig. 2). However, food intake at resources where rates of fighting were low depended mostly on the rate of aggression received. When aggression over food was absent, the food intakes of dominants and subordinates were equal. Dominants had significantly greater total energy intake (20.5{\%} more) than did subordinates, even though more than one third of their diet came from food sources where little or no fighting occurred (Fig. 3). Energy intake was also significantly greater for individuals that received little aggression. The only adult that emigrated from the main study group was the individua with the lowest energy intake. Competition for food within groups was more than ten times as intense as competition between brown capuchin groups.},
  Day                      = {01},
  Doi                      = {10.1007/BF00299041},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.21},
  Url                      = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00299041}
}

@Article{Jason1990,
  Title                    = {Ecological consequences of individual spatial choice in foraging groups of brown capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella},
  Author                   = {Charles H. Janson},
  Journal                  = AnimBehav,
  Year                     = {1990},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {922 - 934},
  Volume                   = {40},

  Abstract                 = {Individuals in a foraging group of brown capuchin monkeys choose different spatial positions relative to the rest of the group. An individual's choice of spatial positiion affects its foraging success and perceived predation risk (as measured by vigilance behaviour). The two most dominant group members preferred to forage where their expected forwaging success was greatest. Juveniles chose to forage where their perceived predation risk was least, not where they would achieve the highest foraging success. The positions used by non-dominant adults neither maximized foraging success nor minimized predation risk. It is likely that subordinate adults accept spatial positions with suboptimal ecological consequences to avoid the costs of frequent confrontations with the dominant members of the group over foraging sites in poreferred positions.},
  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80994-7},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.21},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347205809947}
}

@Article{Jazayeri2006,
  Title                    = {Optimal representation of sensory information by neural populations.},
  Author                   = {Mehrdad Jazayeri and J Anthony Movshon},
  Journal                  = NatNeurosci,
  Year                     = {2006},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {690-696},
  Volume                   = {9}
}

@Article{Jun2013,
  Title                    = {Real-Time Localization of Moving Dipole Sources for Tracking Multiple Free-Swimming Weakly Electric Fish},
  Author                   = {Jun, James Jaeyoon and Longtin, Andr\'e and Maler, Leonard},
  Journal                  = PLOSOne,
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {1-14},
  Volume                   = {8},

  Doi                      = {10.1371/journal.pone.0066596},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Publisher                = {Public Library of Science},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11},
  Url                      = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066596}
}

@Article{Koerding2004,
  Title                    = {How Are Complex Cell Properties Adapted to the Statistics of Natural Stimuli?},
  Author                   = {Konrad P. K\"ording and Christoph Kayser and Wolfgang Einh\"auser and Peter K\"onig},
  Journal                  = JNeurophysiol,
  Year                     = {2004},
  Pages                    = {206-212},
  Volume                   = {91}
}

@Article{Kappeler2008,
  Title                    = {The lemur syndrome unresolved: extreme male reproductive skew in sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi), a sexually monomorphic primate with female dominance},
  Author                   = {Kappeler, Peter M.
and Sch{\"a}ffler, Livia},
  Journal                  = BehavEcolSociobiol,
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {1007--1015},
  Volume                   = {62},

  Day                      = {01},
  Doi                      = {10.1007/s00265-007-0528-6},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.23},
  Url                      = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-007-0528-6}
}

@Article{Kern2005,
  Title                    = {Function of a Fly Motion-Sensitive Neuron Matches Eye Movements during Free Flight.},
  Author                   = {Roland Kern and J. H. van Hateren and Christian Michaelis and Jens Peter Lindemann and Martin Egelhaaf},
  Journal                  = PLoSBiol,
  Year                     = {2005},
  Pages                    = {e171},
  Volume                   = {3}
}

@Article{Kerth2003,
  Title                    = {Information Transfer about Roosts in Female Bechstein's Bats: An Experimental Field Study},
  Author                   = {Gerald Kerth and Karsten Reckardt},
  Journal                  = {Proceedings: Biological Sciences},
  Year                     = {2003},
  Number                   = {1514},
  Pages                    = {511-515},
  Volume                   = {270},

  Doi                      = {10.2307/3558892},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.30}
}

@Article{Khosravi-Hashemi2014,
  Title                    = {Motion processing across multiple topographic maps in the electrosensory system.},
  Author                   = {Navid Khosravi-Hashemi and Maurice J. Chacron},
  Journal                  = PhysiolRep,
  Year                     = {2014},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {e00253},
  Volume                   = {2}
}

@Article{Kirschbaum2002,
  Title                    = {Reproductive strategies and developmental aspects in mormyrid and gymnotiform fishes},
  Author                   = {Frank Kirschbaum and Christian Schugardt},
  Journal                  = JPhysiolParis,
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {557 - 566},
  Volume                   = {96},

  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-4257(03)00011-1},
  Keywords                 = {Reproductive strategies, Mormyrids, Gymnotiforms, Fecundity, Cyclical reproduction},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0928425703000111}
}

@Article{Knudsen1975,
  Title                    = {Spatial aspects of the electric fields generated by
 weakly electric fish},
  Author                   = {Knudsen, EI},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {1975},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {103--118},
  Volume                   = {99},

  Publisher                = {Springer}
}

@Article{Knudsen1974,
  Title                    = {Behavioral thresholds to electric signals in high
 frequency electric fish},
  Author                   = {Knudsen, EI},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {1974},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {333--353},
  Volume                   = {91},

  Publisher                = {Springer}
}

@Article{Knudsen1978,
  Title                    = {Funcitonal Organization in Electroreceptive Midbrain of the Catfish.},
  Author                   = {Eric I. Knudsen},
  Journal                  = JNeurophysiol,
  Year                     = {1978},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {350-364},
  Volume                   = {41}
}

@Article{Knudsen1976a,
  Title                    = {Midbrain Responses to Electroreceptive Input in Catfish - Evidence of Orientation Preferences and Somatotopic Organization.},
  Author                   = {Eric I. Knudsen},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiol,
  Year                     = {1976},
  Pages                    = {51-67},
  Volume                   = {106}
}

@Article{Knudsen1976b,
  Title                    = {Midbrain Units in Catfish: Response Properties to Electroreceptive Input.},
  Author                   = {Eric I. Knudsen},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiol,
  Year                     = {1976},
  Pages                    = {315-335},
  Volume                   = {109}
}

@Article{Korstjens2006,
  Title                    = {Time as a constraint on group size in spider monkeys},
  Author                   = {Korstjens, Amanda H.
and Verhoeckx, Ingrid Lugo
and Dunbar, Robin I. M.},
  Journal                  = BehavEcolSociobiol,
  Year                     = {2006},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {683},
  Volume                   = {60},

  Abstract                 = {An animal can only survive in a given habitat if it has enough time to find, process and digest food whilst avoiding predation. The time it has for food acquisition is affected by the vegetation and competition with conspecifics, which depends on aggregation tendencies. We used the relationships between time allocations, on the one hand, and climatic variables (as a proxy for habitat quality) and group size, on the other, to develop a model that predicts maximum ecologically tolerable group size at different locations for spider monkeys. Spider monkeys are particularly interesting because the social communities often split up into small units. Temperature variation and rainfall variation were the main determinants of time budgets. Community size and average annual rainfall determined party size. The model correctly predicted presence or absence of spider monkeys at 78--83{\%} of 217 New World forest sites. Within the geographical range of the species, this time budget model predicted the presence of spider monkeys better than a model based directly on climate variables. Predicted community and party sizes were significantly larger at sites where spider monkeys are present than at sites where they are absent. As required by the model, predicted maximum community sizes were significantly larger than observed community sizes. Moving time showed a U-shaped relationship with party size, which suggests that moving time is the factor that keeps spider monkey communities from travelling together in a tight group.},
  Day                      = {20},
  Doi                      = {10.1007/s00265-006-0212-2},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.21},
  Url                      = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-006-0212-2}
}

@Article{Krahe2014,
  Title                    = {Neural maps in the electrosensory system of weakly elcectric fish .},
  Author                   = {R\"udiger Krahe and Leonard Maler},
  Journal                  = CurrOpinNeurobiol,
  Year                     = {2014},
  Pages                    = {13-21},
  Volume                   = {24}
}

@Article{Kramer1981,
  Title                    = {Species specificity of electric organ discharges in a sympatric group of gymnotoid fish from {Manaus} ({Amazonas}).},
  Author                   = {Bernd Kramer and Frank Kirschbaum and Hubert Markl},
  Journal                  = {Adv Physiol Sci},
  Year                     = {1981},
  Pages                    = {195--219},
  Volume                   = {31}
}

@Article{Larson2014,
  Title                    = {Serotonin modulates electrosensory processing and behavior via 5-HT2-like receptors.},
  Author                   = {E.A. Larson and M.G. Metzen and M.J. Chacron},
  Journal                  = Neuroscience,
  Year                     = {2014},
  Volume                   = {in press}
}

@Article{Laughlin1981,
  Title                    = {A simple coding procedure enhances a neuron's information capacity.},
  Author                   = {S. B. Laughlin},
  Journal                  = Naturforsch,
  Year                     = {1981},
  Pages                    = {910--912},
  Volume                   = {36C}
}

@Article{Lavoue2000,
  Title                    = {Phylogenetic Relationships of Mormyrid Electric Fishes (Mormyridae; Teleostei) Inferred from Cytochrome b Sequences},
  Author                   = {S\'ebastien Lavou\'e and R\'emy Bigorne and Guillaume Lecointre and Jean-Fran{\c c}ois Agn\`ese},
  Journal                  = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
  Year                     = {2000},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {1 - 10},
  Volume                   = {14},

  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1999.0687},
  Keywords                 = {Mormyridae, electric fish, phylogeny, cytochrome , electric organ.},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790399906875}
}

@Article{Lee2003,
  Title                    = {Hierarchical Bayesian inference in the visual cortex.},
  Author                   = {Tai Sing Lee and David Mumford},
  Journal                  = JOSA,
  Year                     = {2003},
  Number                   = {7},
  Pages                    = {1434-1448},
  Volume                   = {20}
}

@Article{Lewicki2002,
  Title                    = {Efficient coding of natural sounds.},
  Author                   = {Michael S. Lewicki},
  Journal                  = NatNeurosci,
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {356-363},
  Volume                   = {5}
}

@Article{Lewicki2014,
  Title                    = {Scene analysis in the natural environment.},
  Author                   = {Michael S. Lewicki and Bruno A. Olshausen and Annemarie Surlykke and Cynthia F. Moss},
  Journal                  = FrontPsychol,
  Year                     = {2014},
  Pages                    = {1--21},
  Volume                   = {5}
}

@Article{Lissmann1965,
  Title                    = {Activity rhythm of an electric fish, Gymnorhamphichthys hypostomus, ellis},
  Author                   = {Lissmann, Hans W.
and Schwassmann, Horst O.},
  Journal                  = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r vergleichende Physiologie},
  Year                     = {1965},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {153--171},
  Volume                   = {51},

  Abstract                 = {1.The gymnotid, Gymnorhamphichthys hypostomus, (sandfish) exhibits in nature well marked activity cycles which are accompanied by substantial changes in the frequency of discharges from its electric organ.2.During the day the sandfish is buried in the sand and the discharge frequency is low (10 to 15/sec): at night the fish is freely swimming and the frequency is high (65 to 100/sec).3.The sharp rise in discharge frequency, which occurs when the fish emerges from the sand, provides a useful reference point in determining the phase of the rhythm. This sharp rise is preceded by a slight and very gradual pre-emergence rise in frequency.4.The periodicity of frequency changes persists in continuous dim light with a period which is often significantly different from exactly 24 hours and must therefore be considered an endogenous rhythm.5.Light appears to be the effective entraining agent.6.The basic discharge rate of the undisturbed fish appears to be determined by the endogenous rhythm, but the frequency at any one time can be markedly affected by external stimuli. The endogenous rhythm can overrule the indirect inhibitory effects of a light stimulus.7.Light per se has little or no direct influence on the discharge rate; e.g. the fish continues to be active and to discharge at high frequency for prolonged periods in the presence of light if no sand is available.},
  Day                      = {01},
  Doi                      = {10.1007/BF00299291},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11},
  Url                      = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00299291}
}

@Article{Litwin-Kumar2012,
  Title                    = {The Spatial Structure of Stimuli Shapes the Timescale of Correlations in Population Spiking Activity.},
  Author                   = {Ashok Litwin-Kumar and Maurice J. Chacron and Brent Doiron},
  Journal                  = PLoSComputBiol,
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {9},
  Pages                    = {e1002667},
  Volume                   = {8}
}

@Article{Lochmann2011,
  Title                    = {Neural processing as causal inference.},
  Author                   = {Timm Lochmann and Sophie Deneve},
  Journal                  = CurrOpinNeurobiol,
  Year                     = {2011},
  Pages                    = {774-781},
  Volume                   = {21}
}

@Article{Madhav2018,
  Title                    = {High-resolution behavioral mapping of electric fishes in Amazonian habitats},
  Author                   = {Manu S. Madhav and Ravikrishnan P. Jayakumar and Alican Demir and Sarah A. Stamper and Eric S. Fortune and Noah J. Cowan},
  Journal                  = {Scientific Reports},
  Year                     = {2018},
  Number                   = {5830},
  Volume                   = {8},

  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24035-5},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11}
}

@Article{Maler1979,
  Title                    = {The Posterior Lateral Line Lobe of Certain Gymnotoid Fish: Quantitative Light Microscopy.},
  Author                   = {Leonard Maler},
  Journal                  = JCompNeurol,
  Year                     = {1979},
  Pages                    = {323-364},
  Volume                   = {183}
}

@Article{Maler1974,
  Title                    = {Differential projections of Ordinary Lateral Line Receptors and Electroreceptors in the Gymnotic Fish, \textit{Apteronotus (Sternarchus) albifrons}.},
  Author                   = {L. Maler and T. Finger and H.J. Karten},
  Journal                  = JCompNeurol,
  Year                     = {1974},
  Pages                    = {363-382},
  Volume                   = {158}
}

@Article{Markham2017,
  Title                    = {Costs and benefits of group living in primates: an energetic perspective},
  Author                   = {A. Catherine Markham and Laurence R. Gesquiere},
  Journal                  = PhilTransRSocLondBBiolSci,
  Year                     = {2017},
  Volume                   = {372},

  Doi                      = {http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0239},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.21}
}

@Article{Markham2015,
  Title                    = {Optimal group size in a highly social mammal},
  Author                   = {Markham, A. Catherine and Gesquiere, Laurence R. and Alberts, Susan C. and Altmann, Jeanne},
  Journal                  = {PNAS},
  Year                     = {2015},
  Number                   = {48},
  Pages                    = {14882--14887},
  Volume                   = {112},

  Abstract                 = {What are the costs and benefits for animals living in groups of different sizes? Balancing the trade-offs between within-group competition (which favors smaller groups) and between-group competition (which favors larger groups) suggests that intermediate-sized groups may be best, yet empirical support for this prediction has largely been lacking. Using long-term data on wild baboons, we provide novel evidence that individuals living in intermediate-sized groups have energetically optimal space-use strategies and lower glucocorticoid (stress hormone) concentrations than individuals in either large or small groups. Our results offer new insight into the costs and benefits of group living.Group size is an important trait of social animals, affecting how individuals allocate time and use space, and influencing both an individual{\textquoteright}s fitness and the collective, cooperative behaviors of the group as a whole. Here we tested predictions motivated by the ecological constraints model of group size, examining the effects of group size on ranging patterns and adult female glucocorticoid (stress hormone) concentrations in five social groups of wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus) over an 11-y period. Strikingly, we found evidence that intermediate-sized groups have energetically optimal space-use strategies; both large and small groups experience ranging disadvantages, in contrast to the commonly reported positive linear relationship between group size and home range area and daily travel distance, which depict a disadvantage only in large groups. Specifically, we observed a U-shaped relationship between group size and home range area, average daily distance traveled, evenness of space use within the home range, and glucocorticoid concentrations. We propose that a likely explanation for these U-shaped patterns is that large, socially dominant groups are constrained by within-group competition, whereas small, socially subordinate groups are constrained by between-group competition and predation pressures. Overall, our results provide testable hypotheses for evaluating group-size constraints in other group-living species, in which the costs of intra- and intergroup competition vary as a function of group size.},
  Doi                      = {10.1073/pnas.1517794112},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Publisher                = {National Academy of Sciences},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.21},
  Url                      = {https://www.pnas.org/content/112/48/14882}
}

@Article{Markham2016,
  Title                    = {Energetics of Sensing and Communication in Electric Fish: A Blessing and a Curse in the Anthropocene?},
  Author                   = {Michael R. Markham and Yue Ban and Austin G. McCauley and Rosalie Maltby},
  Journal                  = IntegrCompBiol,
  Year                     = {2016},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {889-900},
  Volume                   = {56}
}

@Article{Marrero1991,
  Title                    = {Notas sobre la historia natural y la distribuicion de los peces Gymnotiformes em la cuenca del Rio Apure y otros rios de la Orinoquia.},
  Author                   = {C. Marrero and D. C. Taphorn},
  Journal                  = {Biollania},
  Year                     = {1991},
  Pages                    = {123--142},
  Volume                   = {8}
}

@Article{Marsat2012a,
  Title                    = {Cellular and circuit properties supporting different sensory coding strategies in electric fish and other systems.},
  Author                   = {Gary Marsat and Andr\'e Longtin and Leonard Maler},
  Journal                  = CurrOpinNeurobiol,
  Year                     = {2012},
  Pages                    = {1-7},
  Volume                   = {22}
}

@Article{Marsat2012b,
  Title                    = {Preparing for the unpredictable: adaptive feedback enhances the response to unexpected communication signals.},
  Author                   = {Gary Marsat and Leonard Maler},
  Journal                  = JNeurophysiol,
  Year                     = {2012},
  Pages                    = {1241-1246},
  Volume                   = {107}
}

@Article{Mathis2018,
  Title                    = {DeepLabCut: markerless pose estimation of user-defined body parts with deep learning},
  Author                   = {Alexander Mathis and Pranav Mamidanna and Kevin M. Cury and Taiga Abe and Venkatesh N. Murthy and Mackenzie Weygandt Mathis and Matthias Bethge},
  Journal                  = NatNeurosci,
  Year                     = {2018},
  Pages                    = {1281-1289},
  Volume                   = {21},

  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0209-y},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11}
}

@Article{Matias2015,
  Title                    = {Individual discrimination of freely swimming pulse-type electric fish from electrode array recordings.},
  Author                   = {Paulo Matias and Jan Frans Willem Slaets and Reynaldo Daniel Pinto},
  Journal                  = {Neurocomputing},
  Year                     = {2015},
  Pages                    = {191--198},
  Volume                   = {153}
}

@Article{McAdams1999,
  Title                    = {Effects of attention on orientation-tuning functions of
 single neurons in macaque cortical area V4.},
  Author                   = {C. J. McAdams and J. H. Maunsell},
  Journal                  = JNeurosci,
  Year                     = {1999},
  Pages                    = {431--441},
  Volume                   = {19}
}

@Article{McCreery1977,
  Title                    = {Two Types of Electroreceptive Lateral Lemniscal Neurons of the Lateral Line Lobe of the Catfish Ictalurus nebulosus; Connections from the Lateral Line Nerve and Steady-State Frequency Response Characteristics.},
  Author                   = {Douglas B. McCreery},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiol,
  Year                     = {1977},
  Pages                    = {317-339},
  Volume                   = {113}
}

@Article{McGillivray2012,
  Title                    = {Parallel Coding of First- and Second-Order Stimulus Attributes by Midbrain Electrosensory Neurons.},
  Author                   = {Patrick McGillivray and Katrin Vonderschen and Eric S. Fortune and Maurice J. Chacron},
  Journal                  = JNeurosci,
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {16},
  Pages                    = {5510-5524},
  Volume                   = {32}
}

@Article{Mejias2013,
  Title                    = {Learning Contrast-Invariant Cancellation of Redundant Signals in Neural Systems.},
  Author                   = {Jorge F. Mejias and Gary Marsat and Kieran Bol and Leonard Maler and Andr\'e Longtin},
  Journal                  = PLoSComputBiol,
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {9},
  Pages                    = {e1003180},
  Volume                   = {9}
}

@Article{Menzel2005,
  Title                    = {Honey bees navigate according to a map-like spatial memory},
  Author                   = {Menzel, Randolf and Greggers, Uwe and Smith, Alan and Berger, Sandra and Brandt, Robert and Brunke, Sascha and Bundrock, Gesine and H{\"u}lse, Sandra and Pl{\"u}mpe, Tobias and Schaupp, Frank and Sch{\"u}ttler, Elke and Stach, Silke and Stindt, Jan and Stollhoff, Nicola and Watzl, Sebastian},
  Journal                  = {PNAS},
  Year                     = {2005},
  Number                   = {8},
  Pages                    = {3040--3045},
  Volume                   = {102},

  Abstract                 = {By using harmonic radar, we report the complete flight paths of displaced bees. Test bees forage at a feeder or are recruited by a waggle dance indicating the feeder. The flights are recorded after the bees are captured when leaving the hive or the feeder and are released at an unexpected release site. A sequence of behavioral routines become apparent: (i) initial straight flights in which they fly the course that they were on when captured (foraging bees) or that they learned during dance communication (recruited bees); (ii) slow search flights with frequent changes of direction in which they attempt to {\textquotedblleft}get their bearings{\textquotedblright}; and (iii) straight and rapid flights directed either to the hive or first to the feeding station and then to the hive. These straight homing flights start at locations all around the hive and at distances far out of the visual catchment area around the hive or the feeding station. Two essential criteria of a map-like spatial memory are met by these results: bees can set course at any arbitrary location in their familiar area, and they can choose between at least two goals. This finding suggests a rich, map-like organization of spatial memory in navigating honey bees.},
  Doi                      = {10.1073/pnas.0408550102},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Publisher                = {National Academy of Sciences},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11},
  Url                      = {https://www.pnas.org/content/102/8/3040}
}

@Article{Metcalfe1995,
  Title                    = {Fish recognize and prefer to shoal with poor competitors},
  Author                   = {Metcalfe, Neil B. and Thomson, Bruce C.},
  Journal                  = ProcRSocLondBBiolSci,
  Year                     = {1995},
  Number                   = {1355},
  Pages                    = {207-210},
  Volume                   = {259},

  Doi                      = {10.1098/rspb.1995.0030},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.27}
}

@Article{Metzen2017,
  Title                    = {Stimulus background influences phase invariant coding by correlated neural activity.},
  Author                   = {M. G. Metzen and Maurice J. Chacron},
  Journal                  = {eLife},
  Year                     = {2017},
  Pages                    = {e24482},
  Volume                   = {6}
}

@Article{Meyer1987,
  Title                    = {Hormone-induced and maturational changes in electric organ discharges and electroreceptor tuning in the weakly electric fish \textit{Apteronotus}.},
  Author                   = {Meyer, J. Harlan
and Leong, Margaret
and Keller, Clifford H.},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {1987},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {385--394},
  Volume                   = {160},

  Abstract                 = {Plasticity in the frequency of the electric organ discharge (EOD) and electroreceptor tuning of weakly electric fish was studied in the genusApteronotus. Both hormone-induced and maturational changes in EOD frequency and electroreceptor tuning were examined.Apteronotus is different from all other steroid-responsive weakly electric fish in that estradiol-17$\beta$, rather than androgens, induces discharge frequency decreases. This result can account for the `reversed' discharge frequency dimorphism found inApteronotus in which, counter to all other known sexually dimorphic electric fish, females have lower discharge frequencies than males. Studies of electroreceptor tuning inApteronotus indicate that electroreceptors are closely tuned to the frequency of the EOD. This finding was noted not only in adult animals, but also in juvenile animals shortly after the onset of their EODs. Tuning plasticity inApteronotus, as in other species studied, is associated with altered EOD frequencies and was noted in both maturational EOD changes and in estrogen-induced changes. Thus, tuning plasticity appears to be a general phenomenon which occurs concurrent with a variety of EOD changes.},
  Day                      = {01},
  Doi                      = {10.1007/BF00613028},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11},
  Url                      = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00613028}
}

@Article{Miramontes1996,
  Title                    = {The Nonlinear Dynamics of Survival and Social Facilitation in Termites},
  Author                   = {Octavio Miramontes and Og DeSouza},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Theoretical Biology},
  Year                     = {1996},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {373 - 380},
  Volume                   = {181},

  Abstract                 = {This paper describes a study on termites, investigating the relationship between increasing group size and individual worker longevity under resource-deprived conditions. It was found that survival was significantly lower for isolated individuals and higher for individuals in bigger group sizes, suggesting that social interactions play an important role in the mechanisms leading to longer survival. A computer model, incorporating individual interactions among mobile cellular automata is presented along with experiments.},
  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1996.0138},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.21},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519396901381}
}

@Article{Montgomery1984,
  Title                    = {Frequency Response Characteristics of primary and secondary Neurons in the electrosensory System of the Thornback Ray.},
  Author                   = {J.C. Montgomery},
  Journal                  = CompBiochemPhysiol,
  Year                     = {1984},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {189-195},
  Volume                   = {79A}
}

@Article{Moortgat1998,
  Title                    = {{Submicrosecond pacemaker precision is behaviorally
 modulated: the gymnotiform electromotor pathway.}},
  Author                   = {Moortgat, KT and Keller, CH and Bullock, TH and Sejnowski, TJ},
  Journal                  = PNAS,
  Year                     = {1998},
  Number                   = {8},
  Pages                    = {4684--4689},
  Volume                   = {95}
}

@Article{Nelson1999,
  Title                    = {Prey capture in the weakly electric fish \textit{Apteronotus albifrons}: sensory acquisition strategies and electrosensory consequences},
  Author                   = {Nelson, M.E. and Maciver, M.A.},
  Journal                  = JExpBiol,
  Year                     = {1999},
  Number                   = {10},
  Pages                    = {1195--1203},
  Volume                   = {202},

  Abstract                 = {Sensory systems are faced with the task of extracting behaviorally relevant information from complex sensory environments. In general, sensory acquisition involves two aspects: the control of peripheral sensory surfaces to improve signal reception and the subsequent neural filtering of incoming sensory signals to extract and enhance signals of interest. The electrosensory system of weakly electric fish provides a good model system for studying both these aspects of sensory acquisition. On the basis of infrared video recordings of black ghost knifefish (Apteronotus albifrons) feeding on small prey (Daphnia magna) in the dark, we reconstruct three-dimensional movement trajectories of the fish and prey. We combine the reconstructed trajectory information with models of peripheral electric image formation and primary electrosensory afferent response dynamics to estimate the spatiotemporal patterns of transdermal potential change and afferent activation that occur during prey-capture behavior. We characterize the behavioral strategies used by the fish, with emphasis on the functional importance of the dorsal edge in prey capture behavior, and we analyze the electrosensory consequences. In particular, we find that the high-pass filter characteristics of P-type afferent response dynamics can serve as a predictive filter for estimating the future position of the prey as the electrosensory image moves across the receptor array.},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Publisher                = {The Company of Biologists Ltd},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11},
  Url                      = {https://jeb.biologists.org/content/202/10/1195}
}

@Article{Neuhofer2011,
  Title                    = {Neuronal precision and the limits for acoustic signal
 recognition in a small neuronal network.},
  Author                   = {D. Neuhofer and M. Stemmler and B. Ronacher},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiol,
  Year                     = {2011},
  Pages                    = {251--265},
  Volume                   = {197}
}

@Article{Northcutt2000,
  Title                    = {Distribution and Innervation of Lateral Line Organs in the Channel Catfish.},
  Author                   = {R. Glenn Northcutt and Preston H. Holmes and James S. Albert},
  Journal                  = JCompNeurol,
  Year                     = {2000},
  Pages                    = {570-592},
  Volume                   = {421}
}

@Article{Nortmann2013,
  Title                    = {Primary Visual Cortex Represents the Difference Between Past and Present.},
  Author                   = {Nora Nortmann and Sascha Rekauzke and Selim Onat and Peter K\"onig and Dirk Jancke},
  Journal                  = CerebCortex,
  Year                     = {2015},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {1427--1440},
  Volume                   = {25}
}

@InCollection{Olshausen2013,
  Title                    = {Perception as an Inference Problem.},
  Author                   = {Bruno A. Olshausen},
  Booktitle                = {The Cognitive Neurosciences},
  Publisher                = {MIT Press},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Editor                   = {V.M. Gazzaniga and R. Mangun}
}

@Article{Olshausen1996,
  Title                    = {Emergence of simple-cell
 receptive-field properties by learning a sparse code for natural
 images.},
  Author                   = {B. A. Olshausen and D. J. Field},
  Journal                  = Nature,
  Year                     = {1996},
  Pages                    = {607--609},
  Volume                   = {381}
}

@Article{Parker1974,
  Title                    = {Assessment strategy and the evolution of fighting behaviour},
  Author                   = {G.A. Parker},
  Journal                  = {Journal of Theoretical Biology},
  Year                     = {1974},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {223 - 243},
  Volume                   = {47},

  Abstract                 = {The view is examined that the adaptive value of conventional aspects of fighting behaviour is for assessment of relative RHP (resource holding power) of the combatants. Outcomes of aggressive disputes should be decided by each individual's fitness budget available for expenditure during a fight (determined by the fitness difference between adoption of alternative strategies, escalation or withdrawal without escalation) and on the rate of expenditure of the fitness budget if escalation occurs (determined by the RHPs of the combatants). Thus response thresholds for alternative strategies (“assessments”) will be determined by natural selection on a basis of which opponent is likely to expend its fitness budget first, should escalation occur. This “loser” should retreat (before escalation) and the winner should stay in possession of the resource. Many aggressive decisions depend on whether one is a resource holder, or an attacker. Assuming the RHP of the combatants to be equal, there are many instances of fitness pay-off imbalances between holder and attacker which should weight the dispute outcome in favour of one or other opponent by allowing it a greater expendable fitness budget. Usually the weighting favours the holder; the attacker therefore needs a correspondingly higher RHP before it may be expected to win. This is not invariably the case, and much observed data fits the predictions of this sort of model. If assessments are perfect and budget expenditure rates exactly predictable, then there would never seem to be any case for escalation. Escalation can be explained in terms of injury inflictions (expenditures) occurring as discrete events; i.e. as “bouts” won or lost during fighting. Assessment can give only a probabilistic prediction of the outcome of a bout. A simple model is developed to investigate escalation situations. Each combatant assesses relative RHP; this correlates with an absolute probability of winning the next bout (cabs). The stake played for is infliction of loss of RHP and is determined by the fitness budgets of the opponents. (Each individual plays for the withdrawal of its opponent.) This defines a critical probability of winning (ccrit) for each combatant, above which escalation is the favourable strategy (cabs > ccrit) and below which withdrawal is favourable (cabs < ccrit). Escalation should occur only where cabs-ccrit is positive for both combatants. This model gives predictions compatible with the observations, indicating that RHP loss alone can be adequate to explain withdrawal: escalation behaviour. Withdrawal tendency will be increased by low searching costs. Escalations should be restricted to closely matched RHP opponents if RHP disparity is the major imbalance. Outside the “escalation range” of a given individual, the higher RHP individual wins and the lower one loses (i.e. it should withdraw after conventional display). RHP disparity and holder: attacker imbalance should both interact to shape the observed pattern, though their relative importances will depend on species and situation. In some instances selection may favour immediate withdrawal from an occupied territory even without assessment of RHP.},
  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(74)90111-8},
  ISSN                     = {0022-5193},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022519374901118}
}

@Article{Parrish1999,
  Title                    = {Complexity, Pattern, and Evolutionary Trade-Offs in Animal Aggregation},
  Author                   = {Parrish, Julia K. and Edelstein-Keshet, Leah},
  Journal                  = {Science},
  Year                     = {1999},
  Number                   = {5411},
  Pages                    = {99--101},
  Volume                   = {284},

  Abstract                 = {One of the most striking patterns in biology is the formation of animal aggregations. Classically, aggregation has been viewed as an evolutionarily advantageous state, in which members derive the benefits of protection, mate choice, and centralized information, balanced by the costs of limiting resources. Consisting of individual members, aggregations nevertheless function as an integrated whole, displaying a complex set of behaviors not possible at the level of the individual organism. Complexity theory indicates that large populations of units can self-organize into aggregations that generate pattern, store information, and engage in collective decision-making. This begs the question, are all emergent properties of animal aggregations functional or are some simply pattern? Solutions to this dilemma will necessitate a closer marriage of theoretical and modeling studies linked to empirical work addressing the choices, and trajectories, of individuals constrained by membership in the group.},
  Doi                      = {10.1126/science.284.5411.99},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Publisher                = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.30},
  Url                      = {https://science.sciencemag.org/content/284/5411/99}
}

@Article{Peters2007,
  Title                    = {On the electrodetection threshold of aquatic vertrebrates with ampullary or mucous gland electroreceptor organs.},
  Author                   = {Rob C. Peters and Lonneke B.M. Eeuwes and Franklin Bretschneider},
  Journal                  = BiolRev,
  Year                     = {2007},
  Pages                    = {361-373},
  Volume                   = {82}
}

@Article{Poggio1985,
  Title                    = {Ill-posed problems in early vision: from computational
 theory to analogue networks.},
  Author                   = {T. Poggio and C. Koch},
  Journal                  = ProcRSocLondBBiolSci,
  Year                     = {1985},
  Pages                    = {303--323},
  Volume                   = {226}
}

@Article{Pouget2013,
  Title                    = {Probabilistic brains: knowns and unknowns.},
  Author                   = {Alexandre Pouget and Jeffrey M. Beck and Wei Ji Ma and Peter E. Latham},
  Journal                  = NatNeurosci,
  Year                     = {2013},
  Pages                    = {1170--1178},
  Volume                   = {16}
}

@Article{Raab2019,
  Title                    = {Dominance in Habitat Preference and Diurnal Explorative Behavior of the Weakly Electric Fish \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}.},
  Author                   = {Raab, Till and Linhart, Laura and Wurm, Anna and Benda, Jan},
  Journal                  = {Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience},
  Year                     = {2019},
  Pages                    = {21},
  Volume                   = {13},

  Abstract                 = {Electrocommunication and -localization behaviors of weakly electric fish have been studied extensively in the lab, mostly by means of short-term observations on constrained fish. Far less is known about their behaviors in more natural-like settings, where fish are less constrained in space and time. We tracked individual fish in a population of fourteen brown ghost knifefish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus) housed in a large 2 m<sup>3</sup> indoor tank based on their electric organ discharges (EOD). The tank contained four different natural-like microhabitats (gravel, plants, isolated stones, stacked stones). In particular during the day individual fish showed preferences for specific habitats which provided appropriate shelter. Male fish with higher EOD frequencies spent more time in their preferred habitat during the day, moved more often between habitats during the night, and less often during the day in comparison to low-frequency males. Our data thus revealed a link between dominance indicated by higher EOD frequency, territoriality, and a more explorative personality in male A. leptorhynchus. In females, movement activity during both day and night correlated positively with EOD frequency. In the night, fish of either sex moved to another habitat after about 6 s on average. During the day, the average transition time was also very short at about 20 s. However, these activity phases were interrupted by phases of inactivity that lasted on average about 20 min during the day, but only 3 min in the night. The individual preference for daytime retreat sites did not reflect the frequent explorative movements at night.},
  Doi                      = {10.3389/fnint.2019.00021},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.10},
  Url                      = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2019.00021}
}

@Article{Rao2005,
  Title                    = {Bayesian inference and attentional modulation in the visual cortex.},
  Author                   = {Rajesh P.N. Rao},
  Journal                  = Neuroreport,
  Year                     = {2005},
  Number                   = {16},
  Pages                    = {1843-1848},
  Volume                   = {16}
}

@Article{Rao1999,
  Title                    = {Predictive coding in the visual cortex: a functional interpretation of some extra-classical receptive-field effects.},
  Author                   = {Rajesh P.N. Rao and Dana H. Ballard},
  Journal                  = NatNeurosci,
  Year                     = {1999},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {79-87},
  Volume                   = {2}
}

@Article{Reardon2011,
  Title                    = {Energetic constraints on electric signaling in wave-type weakly electric fishes.},
  Author                   = {Erin E. Reardon and Alana Parisi and R\"udiger Krahe and Lauren J. Chapman},
  Journal                  = JExpBiol,
  Year                     = {2011},
  Pages                    = {4141-4150},
  Volume                   = {214}
}

@Article{Rizzo2009,
  Title                    = {A review of humpback whales' migration patterns worldwide and their consequences to gene flow},
  Author                   = {L.Y. Rizzo and D. Schulte},
  Journal                  = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
  Year                     = {2009},
  Pages                    = {995-1002},
  Volume                   = {89},

  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315409000332},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.10}
}

@Article{Rodriguez2010,
  Title                    = {Natural and Sexual Selection in a Wild Insect Population},
  Author                   = {Rodr\'irguez-Mu{\~n}oz and A. Bretman, J. Slate and C. A. Walling and T. Tregenza},
  Journal                  = {Science},
  Year                     = {2010},
  Pages                    = {1269-1272},
  Volume                   = {328},

  Doi                      = {10.1126/science.1188102},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11}
}

@Article{Ruderman1994,
  Title                    = {Statistics of Natural Images: Scaling in the Woods.},
  Author                   = {Daniel L. Ruderman and William Bialek},
  Journal                  = PhysRevLett,
  Year                     = {1994},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {814-818},
  Volume                   = {73}
}

@Article{Rust2005,
  Title                    = {Spatiotemporal Elements of Macaque V1 Receptive Fields.},
  Author                   = {Nicole C. Rust and Odelia Schwartz and J. Anthony Movshon and Eero P. Simoncelli},
  Journal                  = Neuron,
  Year                     = {2005},
  Pages                    = {945-956},
  Volume                   = {46}
}

@Article{DeSantana2013,
  Title                    = {{Brown ghost electric fishes of the \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus} species-group (Ostariophysi, Gymnotiformes); monophyly, major clades, and revision}},
  Author                   = {de Santana, Carlos David and Vari, Richard P.},
  Journal                  = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {564--596},
  Volume                   = {168},

  Doi                      = {10.1111/zoj.12022}
}

@Article{Sapolsky2005,
  Title                    = {The Influence of Social Hierarchy on Primate Health},
  Author                   = {Sapolsky, Robert M.},
  Journal                  = {Science},
  Year                     = {2005},
  Number                   = {5722},
  Pages                    = {648--652},
  Volume                   = {308},

  Abstract                 = {Dominance hierarchies occur in numerous social species, and rank within them can greatly influence the quality of life of an animal. In this review, I consider how rank can also influence physiology and health. I first consider whether it is high- or low-ranking animals that are most stressed in a dominance hierarchy; this turns out to vary as a function of the social organization in different species and populations. I then review how the stressful characteristics of social rank have adverse adrenocortical, cardiovascular, reproductive, immunological, and neurobiological consequences. Finally, I consider how these findings apply to the human realm of health, disease, and socioeconomic status.},
  Doi                      = {10.1126/science.1106477},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Publisher                = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.27},
  Url                      = {https://science.sciencemag.org/content/308/5722/648}
}

@Article{Schluger1987,
  Title                    = {Electric Fish approach stationary signal sources by following electric current lines.},
  Author                   = {James H. Schluger and Carl D. Hopkins},
  Journal                  = JExpBiol,
  Year                     = {1987},
  Pages                    = {359-367},
  Volume                   = {130}
}

@Article{Schwartz2001,
  Title                    = {Natural Signal statistics and sensory gain control.},
  Author                   = {Odelia Schwartz and Eero P. Simoncelli},
  Journal                  = NatNeurosci,
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {8},
  Pages                    = {819-825},
  Volume                   = {4}
}

@Article{Schweitzer1986,
  Title                    = {Functional organization of the electroreceptive midbrain in an elasmobranch (Platyrhinoidis triseriata - A single unit study.},
  Author                   = {Jeff Schweitzer},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {1986},
  Pages                    = {43-58},
  Volume                   = {158}
}

@Article{Serrano2003,
  Title                    = {Gradual frequency rises in interacting black ghost knifefish, \textit{Apteronotus albifrons}.},
  Author                   = {Serrano-Fern{\'a}ndez, P.},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {2003},
  Number                   = {9},
  Pages                    = {685--692},
  Volume                   = {189},

  Abstract                 = {The present paper highlights the relationship between social status and production of gradual frequency rises in interacting Apteronotus albifrons. The gradual frequency rise production was mathematically inferred and a discrete classification deliberately avoided. The results showed little gradual frequency rise production before the hierarchy settlement. Afterwards, only the dominant fish kept this gradual frequency rise production at low levels, while the subdominant fish drastically increased it in all following interaction contexts. The hypothesis of gradual frequency rises being involved in communication as submissive signals was thus strengthened.},
  Doi                      = {10.1007/s00359-003-0445-8},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2017.05.04},
  Url                      = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-003-0445-8}
}

@Article{Seyfarth2010,
  Title                    = {The central importance of information in studies of animal communication},
  Author                   = {Seyfarth, Robert M and Cheney, Dorothy L and Bergman, Thore and Fischer, Julia and Zuberb{\"u}hler, Klaus and Hammerschmidt, Kurt},
  Journal                  = {Animal Behaviour},
  Year                     = {2010},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {3--8},
  Volume                   = {80},

  Publisher                = {Elsevier}
}

@Article{Sharpee2011,
  Title                    = {Hierarchical representations in the auditory cortex.},
  Author                   = {Tatyana O Sharpee and Craig A Atencio and Christoph E Schreiner},
  Journal                  = CurrOpinNeurobiol,
  Year                     = {2011},
  Pages                    = {761-767},
  Volume                   = {21}
}

@Article{Shieh1996,
  Title                    = {Short-range Orientation in Electric Fish: An Experimental Study of Passive Electrolocation.},
  Author                   = {Kwang-Tze Shieh and Willard Willson and Michael Winslow and McBride, Jr., Don W. and Carl D. Hopkins},
  Journal                  = JExpBiol,
  Year                     = {1996},
  Pages                    = {2383-2393},
  Volume                   = {199}
}

@Article{Sillito1994,
  Title                    = {Feature-linked synchronization of thalamic relay cell firing induced by feedback from the visual cortex.},
  Author                   = {A. M. Sillito and H. E. Jones and G. L. Gerstein and D. C. West},
  Journal                  = Nature,
  Year                     = {1994},
  Pages                    = {479--482},
  Volume                   = {369}
}

@Article{Simmons2013,
  Title                    = {"To Ear is Human, to Frogive is Divine": Bob Capranica's legacy to auditory neuroethology.},
  Author                   = {Andrea Megela Simmons},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {2013},
  Pages                    = {169-182},
  Volume                   = {199}
}

@Article{Simoncelli2001,
  Title                    = {Natural image statistics and neural representations.},
  Author                   = {Eero P. Simoncelli and Bruno A. Olshausen},
  Journal                  = AnnuRevNeurosci,
  Year                     = {2001},
  Pages                    = {1193--1216},
  Volume                   = {24}
}

@Article{Singh2003,
  Title                    = {Modulation spectra of natural sounds and ethological theories of auditory processing.},
  Author                   = {Nandini C. Singh and Fr\'ed\'ric E. Theunissen},
  Journal                  = JAcoustSocAm,
  Year                     = {2003},
  Pages                    = {3394--3411},
  Volume                   = {114}
}

@Article{Sinz2020,
  Title                    = {Simultaneous spike-time locking to multiple frequencies.},
  Author                   = {Fabian Sinz and Carolin Sachgau and J{\"o}rg Henninger and Jan Benda and Jan Grewe},
  Journal                  = JNeurophysiol,
  Year                     = {2020},
  Pages                    = {2355--2372},
  Volume                   = {123},

  Doi                      = {10.1152/jn.00615.2019},
  Pdf                      = {Sinz2020.pdf},
  Url                      = {https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/jn.00615.2019}
}

@Article{Smith2006,
  Title                    = {Efficient auditory coding},
  Author                   = {Smith, E C and Lewicki, M S},
  Journal                  = Nature,
  Year                     = {2006},
  Number                   = {7079},
  Pages                    = {978--982},
  Volume                   = {439}
}

@Article{Smith2013,
  Title                    = {Evolution and hormonal regulation of sex differences in the electrocommunication behavior of ghost knifefishes (Apteronotidae).},
  Author                   = {G. Troy Smith},
  Journal                  = JExpBiol,
  Year                     = {2013},
  Pages                    = {2421-2433},
  Volume                   = {216}
}

@Article{Sonerud2001,
  Title                    = {Ignorant Hooded Crows Follow Knowledgeable Roost-Mates to Food: Support for the Information Centre Hypothesis},
  Author                   = {Geir A. Sonerud and Christian A. Smedshaug and \Oystein Br{\aa}then},
  Journal                  = {Proceedings: Biological Sciences},
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {1469},
  Pages                    = {827-831},
  Volume                   = {268},

  Doi                      = {10.2307/3068068},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.30}
}

@Article{Stamper2010,
  Title                    = {Species differences in group size and electrosensory interference in weakly electric fishes: Implications for electrosensory processing},
  Author                   = {Sarah A. Stamper and Erika Carrera-G and Eric W. Tan and Vincent Fug\`ere and R\"udiger Krahe and Eric S. Fortune},
  Journal                  = BehavBrainRes,
  Year                     = {2010},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {368 - 376},
  Volume                   = {207},

  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2009.10.023},
  Keywords                 = {Electrotaxis, Gymnotiformes, Electrosensory, Social behavior},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166432809006317}
}

@Article{Stamper2013,
  Title                    = {Perception and coding of envelopes in weakly electric fishes.},
  Author                   = {Sarah A. Stamper and Eric S. Fortune and Maurice J. Chacron},
  Journal                  = JExpBiol,
  Year                     = {2013},
  Pages                    = {2393-2402},
  Volume                   = {216}
}

@Article{Stamper2012,
  Title                    = {Active sensing via movement shapes spatiotemporal patterns of sensory feedback.},
  Author                   = {Sarah A. Stamper and Eatai Roth and Noah J. Cowan and Eric S. Fortune},
  Journal                  = JExpBiol,
  Year                     = {2012},
  Pages                    = {1567-1574},
  Volume                   = {215}
}

@Article{Steinbach1970,
  Title                    = {Diurnal movements and discharge characteristics of electric gymnotid fishes in the {Rio Negro}, {Brazil}},
  Author                   = {A. B. Steinbach},
  Journal                  = BiolBull,
  Year                     = {1970},
  Pages                    = {200--210},
  Volume                   = {138}
}

@Article{Stephens2013,
  Title                    = {Independent Evolution of Visual and Electrosensory Spezializations in Different Lineages of Mormyrid Electric Fishes.},
  Author                   = {Jennifer A. Stephens and Kimberley V. Sukhum and Bruce A. Carlson},
  Journal                  = BrainBehavEvol,
  Year                     = {2013},
  Pages                    = {185-198},
  Volume                   = {82}
}

@Article{Stoddard2007,
  Title                    = {Circadian rhythms in electric waveform structure and rate in the electric fish Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus},
  Author                   = {Stoddard, Philip K and Markham, Michael R and Salazar, Vielka L and Allee, Susan},
  Journal                  = {Physiology \& Behavior},
  Year                     = {2007},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {11-20},
  Volume                   = {90},

  Doi                      = {10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.08.013},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11},
  Url                      = {https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2426960}
}

@Article{StrandburgPeshkin2019,
  Title                    = {Burrow usage patterns and decision-making in meerkat groups},
  Author                   = {Strandburg-Peshkin, Ariana and Clutton-Brock, Tim and Manser, Marta B},
  Journal                  = BehavEcol,
  Year                     = {2019},

  Doi                      = {10.1093/beheco/arz190},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.27}
}

@Article{Strandburg2015,
  Title                    = {Shared decision-making drives collective movement in wild baboons},
  Author                   = {Strandburg-Peshkin, Ariana and Farine, Damien R. and Couzin, Iain D. and Crofoot, Margaret C.},
  Journal                  = {Science},
  Year                     = {2015},
  Number                   = {6241},
  Pages                    = {1358--1361},
  Volume                   = {348},

  Abstract                 = {How do groups of animals, including humans, make decisions that affect the entire group? Evidence collected from schooling animals suggests that the process is somewhat democratic, with nearest neighbors and the majority shaping overall collective behavior. In animals with hierarchical social structures such as primates or wolves, however, such democracy may be complicated by dominance. Strandburg-Peshkin et al. monitored all the individuals within a baboon troop continuously over the course of their daily activities. Even within this highly socially structured species, movement decisions emerged via a shared process. Thus, democracy may be an inherent trait of collective behavior.Science, this issue p. 1358Conflicts of interest about where to go and what to do are a primary challenge of group living. However, it remains unclear how consensus is achieved in stable groups with stratified social relationships. Tracking wild baboons with a high-resolution global positioning system and analyzing their movements relative to one another reveals that a process of shared decision-making governs baboon movement. Rather than preferentially following dominant individuals, baboons are more likely to follow when multiple initiators agree. When conflicts arise over the direction of movement, baboons choose one direction over the other when the angle between them is large, but they compromise if it is not. These results are consistent with models of collective motion, suggesting that democratic collective action emerging from simple rules is widespread, even in complex, socially stratified societies.},
  Doi                      = {10.1126/science.aaa5099},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Publisher                = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11},
  Url                      = {https://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6241/1358}
}

@Article{StrandburgPeshkin2017,
  Title                    = {Habitat and social factors shape individual decisions and emergent group structure during baboon collective movement},
  Author                   = {Strandburg-Peshkin, Ariana and Farine, Damien R and Crofoot, Margaret C and Couzin, Iain D},
  Journal                  = {eLife},
  Year                     = {2017},
  Pages                    = {e19505},
  Volume                   = {6},

  Doi                      = {10.7554/eLife.19505},
  Keywords                 = {collective movement, movement Ecology, social behavior, habitat, baboons (Papio anubis)},
  Url                      = {https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19505}
}

@Article{Striedter1991,
  Title                    = {Auditory, Electrosensory, and Mechanosensory Lateral Line Pathways Through the Forebrain in Channel Catfishes.},
  Author                   = {Georg F. Striedter},
  Journal                  = JCompNeurol,
  Year                     = {1991},
  Pages                    = {311-331},
  Volume                   = {312}
}

@Article{Sword2005,
  Title                    = {Migratory bands give crickets protection},
  Author                   = {G. Sword and P. Lorch and D. Gwynne},
  Journal                  = {Nature},
  Year                     = {2005},
  Number                   = {703},
  Volume                   = {433},

  Doi                      = {doi:10.1038/433703a},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.01.21}
}

@Article{Tallarovic2002,
  Title                    = {Electrocommunication signals in female brown ghost electric knifefish, \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}.},
  Author                   = {S. K. Tallarovic and H. H. Zakon},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {188},
  Volume                   = {659--657}
}

@Article{Tallarovic2005,
  Title                    = {Electric organ discharge frequency jamming during social interactions in brown ghost knifefish, \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}.},
  Author                   = {Sara K. Tallarovic and Harold H. Zakon},
  Journal                  = AnimBehav,
  Year                     = {2005},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {1355 - 1365},
  Volume                   = {70},

  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.03.020},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2017.05.04},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347205003088}
}

@Article{Todd1999,
  Title                    = {The Identification of Peaks in Physiological Signals},
  Author                   = {Bryan S. Todd and David C. Andrews},
  Journal                  = {Computers and Biomedical Research},
  Year                     = {1999},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {322 - 335},
  Volume                   = {32},

  Doi                      = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cbmr.1999.1518},
  Keywords                 = {peak detection},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2017.03.06},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010480999915185}
}

@Article{Tong1982a,
  Title                    = {The Nucleus Praeeminentialis: An Electro- and Mechanoreceptive Center in the Brainstem of the Catfish.},
  Author                   = {Shang-Iiang Tong},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiol,
  Year                     = {1982},
  Pages                    = {299-309},
  Volume                   = {145}
}

@Article{Tong1982b,
  Title                    = {Electroreceptive Representation and Its Dynamics in the Cerebellum of the Catfish, Ictalurus nebulosus (Ictaluridae, Siluriformes .},
  Author                   = {Shang-Iiang Tong and Theodore Holmes Bullock},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiol,
  Year                     = {1982},
  Pages                    = {289-298},
  Volume                   = {145}
}

@Article{Marquez2013a,
  Title                    = {Distribution of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor mRNA in the Brain of the Weakly Electric Fish \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}.},
  Author                   = {Brenda Toscano-M\'arquez and Robert J. Dunn and R\"udiger Krahe},
  Journal                  = JCompNeurol,
  Year                     = {2013},
  Pages                    = {1054-1072},
  Volume                   = {521}
}

@Article{Marquez2013b,
  Title                    = {Neuromodulation of early electrosensory processing in gymnotiform weakly electric fish.},
  Author                   = {Brenda Toscano-M\'arquez and R\"udiger Krahe and Maurice J. Chacron},
  Journal                  = JExpBiol,
  Year                     = {2013},
  Pages                    = {2442-2450},
  Volume                   = {216}
}

@Article{Tricas1995,
  Title                    = {Electrosensory Optimization to conspecific phasic signals for mating.},
  Author                   = {Timothy C. Tricas and Scott W. Michael and Joseph A. Sisneros},
  Journal                  = NeurosciLett,
  Year                     = {1995},
  Pages                    = {129-132},
  Volume                   = {202}
}

@Article{Triefenbach2008,
  Title                    = {Changes in signalling during agonistic interactions between male weakly electric knifefish, \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}.},
  Author                   = {F. Triefenbach and H. Zakon},
  Journal                  = AnimBehav,
  Year                     = {2008},
  Number                   = {4},
  Pages                    = {1263--1272},
  Volume                   = {75},

  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.09.027},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347208000110}
}

@Article{Triefenbach2003,
  Title                    = {Effects of sex, sensitivity and status on cue recognition in the weakly electric fish \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}.},
  Author                   = {F. Triefenbach and H. Zakon},
  Journal                  = AnimBehav,
  Year                     = {2003},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {19 - 28},
  Volume                   = {65},

  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2002.2019},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2017.05.04},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347202920191}
}

@Article{Turner2007,
  Title                    = {Phylogenetic comparative analysis of electric communication signals in ghost knifefishes (Gymnotiformes: Apteronotidae).},
  Author                   = {Cameron R. Turner and Maksymilian Derylo and C. David de Santana and Jos\'e A. Alves-Gomes and G. Troy Smith},
  Journal                  = JExpBiol,
  Year                     = {2007},
  Pages                    = {4104-4122},
  Volume                   = {210}
}

@Article{Vinje2002,
  Title                    = {Natural Stimulation of the Nonclassical Receptive Field Increases Information Transmission Efficiency in V1.},
  Author                   = {William E. Vinje and Jack L. Gallant},
  Journal                  = JNeurosci,
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {7},
  Pages                    = {2904-2915},
  Volume                   = {22}
}

@Article{Vonderschen2014,
  Title                    = {Detecting interaural time differences and remodeling their representation.},
  Author                   = {Katrin Vonderschen and Hermann Wagner},
  Journal                  = TINS,
  Year                     = {2014},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {289-300},
  Volume                   = {37}
}

@Article{Walz2014,
  Title                    = {Static frequency tuning accounts for changes in neural synchrony evoked by transient communication signals.},
  Author                   = {Henriette Walz and Jan Grewe and Jan Benda},
  Journal                  = JNeurophysiol,
  Year                     = {2014},
  Pages                    = {752--765},
  Volume                   = {112}
}

@Article{Wang2007,
  Title                    = {Neural coding strategies in auditory cortex.},
  Author                   = {Xiaoqin Wang},
  Journal                  = HearRes,
  Year                     = {2007},
  Pages                    = {81-93},
  Volume                   = {229}
}

@Article{Watanabe1963,
  Title                    = {The change of discharge frequency by {A.C.} stimulus in a weak electric fish.},
  Author                   = {Akira Watanabe and Kimihisa Takeda},
  Journal                  = JExpBiol,
  Year                     = {1963},
  Pages                    = {57--66},
  Volume                   = {40}
}

@Article{Wauters1992,
  Title                    = {Spacing behaviour of red squirrels, Sciurus vulgaris: variation between habitats and the sexes},
  Author                   = {Luc Wauters and André A. Dhondt},
  Journal                  = {Animal Behaviour},
  Year                     = {1992},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {297 - 311},
  Volume                   = {43},

  Abstract                 = {Home range size, range use and range overlap of adult male and female red squirrels in a coniferous and a deciduous woodland were studied using radio-telemetry. Hypotheses, concerning (1) resource predictability and territorial behaviour, and (2) sex-related and habitat-related differences in spacing strategies were tested. In both habitats males had larger home ranges than females. Range size varied seasonally, tending to increase in April–June and to decrease in winter. Both males and females had intensively used core-areas (70% of all locations) that were much smaller than their total range. Dominant males had larger ranges than subordinates, and male body weight was positively correlated with home range size. For females, range size was inversely correlated with food abundance (coniferous area) or local density (deciduous area). Core-area overlap within a sex was smaller than that between sexes. Dominant females defended exlusive core-area overlap within a sex was smaller than that between sexes. Dominant females defended exclusive core-areas against other females, while subordinates behaved as floaters or settled on the edges of the ranges of dominant females. In the deciduous woodland squirrels had larger home ranges, used significantly larger and more strongly overlapping core-areas and were more tolerant of conspecifics than in the coniferous woodland. The results support the hypotheses that (1) the predictability in time and space of food resources, and (2) sexual differences in key resources used to increase reproductive success in mammals with promiscuous or polygynous mating systems, cause differences in spacing behaviour between habitat types and between adult males and females.},
  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80225-8},
  ISSN                     = {0003-3472},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.12.08},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347205802258}
}

@Article{DeWeille1983,
  Title                    = {Electrosensory information processing by lateral-line lobe neurons of catfish investigated by means of white noise cross-correlation.},
  Author                   = {J.R. De Weille},
  Journal                  = CompBiochemPhysiol,
  Year                     = {1983},
  Number                   = {3},
  Pages                    = {677-680},
  Volume                   = {74A}
}

@Article{Westby1988,
  Title                    = {The ecology, discharge diversity and predatory behaviour of gymnotiforme electric fish in the coastal streams of French Guiana},
  Author                   = {Westby, G. W. Max},
  Journal                  = BehavEcolSociobiol,
  Year                     = {1988},
  Number                   = {5},
  Pages                    = {341--354},
  Volume                   = {22},

  Abstract                 = {1. A survey of the species distribution, discharge characteristics, ecology and behaviour of South American Gymnotiforme electric fish was carried out during two field trips to sites in the vicinity of Kourou, French Guiana, in 1983 and 1985. 2. Measurements of water conditions, collected over a twelve month period, highlight the strong ecological pressure on species exploiting the rapidly fluctuating and often temporary coastal streams. Adaptation of the reproductive cycle to the rainy seasons is particularly marked and the possible zeitgebers are considered. Given the almost invariant water conductivity, its suggested use as an environmental trigger is rejected in favour of acoustic or mechanical cues. 3. The two main study areas were inhabited principally by pulse gymnotoids of the genera Gymnotus and Hypopomus. A new Hypopomus species was discovered as well as specimens of G. pantherinus, previously undescribed in French Guiana. Larvae of H. beevei were found prior to the start of the 1985 rainy season. Developmental data for this species are presented which support the view that, as in other weakly electric gymnotoids, a primitive larval electric organ probably precedes the adult structure. The larval discharge also strongly resembles that of the adult electric eel, lending weight to published theories of an Electrophorus-like ancestor to the wekly electric fish. 4. The predatory behaviour of the strongly electric eel was recorded in detail. The field results indicated that this species preyed on weakly electric fish whose responses to the foraging eel are also reported. The probable use of electrical cues by hunting eels was further investigated in a laboratory experiment in which predatory responses were compared in the presence of non-electric and electric live prey, and models mimicking electric prey. It is concluded that electrical cues are probably of paramount importance in the eel's normal prey capture behaviour.},
  Day                      = {01},
  Doi                      = {10.1007/BF00295103},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.11},
  Url                      = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00295103}
}

@Article{Wilkens2002,
  Title                    = {The electric sense of the paddlefish: a passive system for the detection and capture of zooplankton prey.},
  Author                   = {Lon A. Wilkens and Michael H. Hofmann and Winfried Wojtenek},
  Journal                  = JPhysiol,
  Year                     = {2002},
  Pages                    = {363-377},
  Volume                   = {96}
}

@Article{Winkler2009,
  Title                    = {Modeling the auditory scene: predictive regularity representations and perceptual objects.},
  Author                   = {Istv\'an Winkler and Susan L. Denham and Israel Nelken},
  Journal                  = TICS,
  Year                     = {2009},
  Number                   = {12},
  Pages                    = {532-540},
  Volume                   = {13}
}

@Article{Wiskott2002,
  Title                    = {Slow feature analysis: Unsupervised
 learning of invariances.},
  Author                   = {L. Wiskott and T. J. Sejnowski},
  Journal                  = NeuralComput,
  Year                     = {2002},
  Pages                    = {715--770},
  Volume                   = {14}
}

@Article{Yager1993,
  Title                    = {Directional characteristics of tuberous electroreceptors in the weakly electric fish, Hypopomus (Gymnotiformes).},
  Author                   = {D.D. Yager and C.D. Hopkins},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {1993},
  Pages                    = {401-414},
  Volume                   = {143}
}

@Article{Yu2005,
  Title                    = {Inference, Attention, and Decision in a Bayesian Neural Architecture.},
  Author                   = {Angela J. Yu and Peter Dayan},
  Journal                  = {In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, MIT Press},
  Year                     = {2005},
  Pages                    = {1577-1584},
  Volume                   = {17}
}

@Article{Yuille2006,
  Title                    = {Vision as Bayesian inference: analysis by synthesis?},
  Author                   = {Alan Yuille and Daniel Kersten},
  Journal                  = TICS,
  Year                     = {2006},
  Number                   = {7},
  Pages                    = {301-308},
  Volume                   = {10}
}

@Article{zuniga2017,
  Title                    = {Migration confers winter survival benefits in a partially migratory songbird},
  Author                   = {Z\'u{\~n}iga, Daniel and Gager, Yann and Kokko, Hanna and Fudickar, Adam Michael and Schmidt, Andreas and Naef-Daenzer, Beat and Wikelski, Martin and Partecke, Jesko},
  Journal                  = {eLife},
  Year                     = {2017},
  Pages                    = {e28123},
  Volume                   = {6},

  Abstract                 = {To evolve and to be maintained, seasonal migration, despite its risks, has to yield fitness benefits compared with year-round residency. Empirical data supporting this prediction have remained elusive in the bird literature. To test fitness related benefits of migration, we studied a partial migratory population of European blackbirds (\textit{Turdus merula}) over 7 years. Using a combination of capture-mark-recapture and radio telemetry, we compared survival probabilities between migrants and residents estimated by multi-event survival models, showing that migrant blackbirds had 16\% higher probability to survive the winter compared to residents. A subsequent modelling exercise revealed that residents should have 61.25\% higher breeding success than migrants, to outweigh the survival costs of residency. Our results support theoretical models that migration should confer survival benefits to evolve, and thus provide empirical evidence to understand the evolution and maintenance of migration.},
  Article_type             = {journal},
  Doi                      = {10.7554/eLife.28123},
  Timestamp                = {2020.02.10},
  Url                      = {https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.28123}
}

@Article{Zakon2002,
  Title                    = {EOD modulations of brown ghost electric fish: JARs,
 chirps, rises, and dips},
  Author                   = {H. H. Zakon and Oestreich, J. and Tallarovic, S. and
 Triefenbach, F.},
  Journal                  = JPhysiolParis,
  Year                     = {2002},
  Number                   = {5--6},
  Pages                    = {451--458},
  Volume                   = {96}
}

@Article{Zubizarreta2020,
  Title                    = {Seasonal and social factors associated with spacing in a wild territorial electric fish},
  Author                   = {Zubizarreta, Lucía AND Quintana, Laura AND Hernández, Daniel AND Teixeira de Mello, Franco AND Meerhoff, Mariana AND Massaaki Honji, Renato AND Guimarães Moreira, Renata AND Silva, Ana},
  Journal                  = {PLOS ONE},
  Year                     = {2020},

  Month                    = {06},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {1-19},
  Volume                   = {15},

  Abstract                 = {In this study, we focused on the seasonal variation of the determinants of territory size in the weakly electric fish Gymnotus omarorum. This species is a seasonal breeder that displays year-round territorial aggression. Female and male dyads exhibit indistinguishable non-breeding territorial agonistic behavior and body size is the only significant predictor of contest outcome. We conducted field surveys across seasons that included the identification of individual location, measurements of water physico-chemical variables, characterization of individual morphometric and physiological traits, and their correlation to spatial distribution. G. omarorum tolerates a wide range of dissolved oxygen concentration, and territory size correlated positively with dissolved oxygen in both seasons. In the non-breeding season, territory size was sexually monomorphic and correlated only with body size. In the breeding season, territory size no longer correlated with body size but differed between sexes: (i) the overall spatial arrangement was sexually biased, (ii) territory size depended on gonadal hormones in both sexes, which was expected for males, but not previously reported in females, (iii) female territory size showed a positive relationship with gonadal size, and (iv) females showed relatively larger territories than males. This study demonstrates seasonal changes in the determinants of territory size and thus contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the behavioral plasticity natural territorial behavior.},
  Doi                      = {10.1371/journal.pone.0228976},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Publisher                = {Public Library of Science},
  Timestamp                = {2020.11.19},
  Url                      = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228976}
}

@Article{ZupancMaler1993,
  Title                    = {Evoked chirping in the weakly electric fish \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}: a quantitative biophysical analysis},
  Author                   = {Zupanc, Günther K. H. and Maler, Leonard},
  Journal                  = {Canadian Journal of Zoology},
  Year                     = {1993},
  Number                   = {11},
  Pages                    = {2301-2310},
  Volume                   = {71},

  Abstract                 = { Apteronotus leptorhynchus, a gymnotiform fish, produces highly regular electric organ discharges of 600–1000 Hz. Short-term modulations of the electric organ discharge ("chirps") were elicited by imitating the discharges of neighboring fish. Chirps displayed an increase in frequency of approximately 100 Hz, a duration of about 15 ms, and an absolute amplitude of 0.5–2 mV. Since, similar to natural conditions, chirps summated with the beat caused by interference of the fish's own electric organ discharge and the imitating discharge, the size and shape of the chirp's amplitude envelope varied greatly according to its phase relative to the beat cycle; however, the frequency of the chirp amplitude modulation was always 50–100 Hz. All 21 males examined chirped, but their rate of chirping varied considerably (range 2–59 chirps/30 s; mean 22 chirps/30 s). In contrast, only one out of nine females chirped (mean 0.25 chirps/30 s). The latency between stimulus onset and first chirp was variable and often long (range 1.0–25.0 s; median 3.3 s). We propose that chirps are not a sensory reflex but a communicatory behavior regulated by hypothalamic peptidergic input. },
  Doi                      = {10.1139/z93-323},
  Eprint                   = { 
 https://doi.org/10.1139/z93-323
 
},
  Owner                    = {raab},
  Timestamp                = {2020.11.19},
  Url                      = { 
 https://doi.org/10.1139/z93-323
 
}
}

@Article{Zupanc2006,
  Title                    = {Electric interactions through chirping behavior in the weakly electric fish, \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}.},
  Author                   = {Zupanc, G K H and S\^{\i}rbulescu, R F and Nichols, A and Ilies, I},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiolA,
  Year                     = {2006},
  Number                   = {2},
  Pages                    = {159--173},
  Volume                   = {192}
}

@Article{Zupanc2001,
  Title                    = {Light-dark-controlled changes in modulations of the electric organ discharge in the teleost \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}.},
  Author                   = {Marianne M. Zupanc and Gerhard Engler and Alexandra Midson and Helen Oxberry and Louise A. Hurst and Melissa R. Symon and G\"unther K.H. Zupanc},
  Journal                  = AnimBehav,
  Year                     = {2001},
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {1119 - 1128},
  Volume                   = {62},

  Doi                      = {https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2001.1867},
  Url                      = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347201918676}
}

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  Title                    = {The jamming avoidance response of high frequency electric fish. {II.} {Quantitative} aspects.},
  Author                   = {Bullock, TH and H, RH and Scheich, H},
  Journal                  = JCompPhysiol,
  Year                     = {1972},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {23--48},
  Volume                   = {77}
}

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  title={Deep croaks and fighting assessment in toads Bufo bufo},
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@incollection{Westby1981,
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@Article{Harvey2010,
  Title                    = {Long-term recognition memory of individual conspecifics is associated with telencephalic expression of {Egr-1} in the electric fish \textit{Apteronotus leptorhynchus}.},
  Author                   = {Erik Harvey-Girard and Jessica Tweedle and Joel Ironstone and Martin Cuddy and William Ellis and Leonard Maler},
  Journal                  = JCompNeurol,
  Year                     = {2010},
  Pages                    = {2666-2692},
  Volume                   = {518}
}


@comment{jabref-meta: databaseType:bibtex;}

